Diet and Exercise

Question 1

What is needed to keep the body healthy

Answer 1

A combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise is needed to help keep the body healthy.

Question 2

What nutrients should these food groups provide

Answer 2

o Carbohydrates for energy and to make cell structures

o Fat for energy and insulation and cell structures

o Protein to control cell reactions (as enzymes) and to build cell structures

o Vitamins and minerals to help our bodies function well.

Question 3

What is malnourishment

Answer 3

• A person is malnourished if their diet is not balanced.

* This may lead to a person being overweight or underweight.

Question 4

What is metabolic rate

Answer 4

Metabolic Rate refers to the chemical reactions which take place in the cells. The higher the metabolic rate, the faster the chemical reactions occur.
Men generally have a higher metabolic rate than women.
The proportion of muscle to fat in your body and your inherited factors can also affect your metabolic rate.

Question 5

What are Saturated Fats

Answer 5

Found in red meat,they can raise your blood pressure

Question 6

How can Inherited factors influence

Answer 6

• Inherited factors can influence our health.
• We can inherit genes from our parents which can influence our metabolic rate.
• We can also inherit genes which influence our cholesterol level.

Question 7

What are LDL’S?

Answer 7

low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is bad and can cause heart disease.

Question 8

What are HDL’S

Answer 8

high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is good as it can protect against heart disease by helping remove cholesterol from the walls of blood vessels.

Question 9

Epidemic

Answer 9

Epidemic – occurs when a wide spread of people have a disease

Question 10

Pandemic

Answer 10

Pandemic - occurs when the disease affects a whole country or goes world wide. Eg swine flu.

Question 11

What is cholesterol and its effects

Answer 11

• Cholesterol is a substance that our body creates from fat that we consume in our diet
• However, too much cholesterol can increase the chance of cardio-vascular diseases, such as strokes, heart attacks and thrombosis..

Question 12

Pathogens

Answer 12

Pathogens

* Microorganisms that cause infectious disease are called pathogens.

Question 13

What are the methods of infection

Answer 13

air>>>>measles-tuberculosis-flu
Food>>>>Food poisoning-salmonella
Animals>>>Malaria
Touch>>>Athletes foot 
Water>>cholera

Question 14

How are can you become immune

Answer 14

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Question 15

Vaccination

Answer 15

It is the injecting of an inactive pathogen so that you become immune

Question 16

Antigen

Answer 16

every invading cell has unique molecules on it surface.

Question 17

What are the body’s physical and chemical barriers

Answer 17

Skin - acts as a barrier to prevent pathogens getting into the body.
If the skin gets broken, the platelets in the blood form a clot which dries into a scab, which seals over the cut.
Breathing system – produces sticky mucus that traps pathogens. It is then moved out of the body or into the stomach where it is destroyed by stomach acid.

Question 18

what are antibiotics

Answer 18

• Antibiotics are medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body. Eg penicillin

Question 19

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 19

• Overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased the rate of development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria.

Question 20

How does a bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic

Answer 20

• Pathogenic bacteria mutate, producing resistant strains.
• Antibiotics kill individual pathogens of the non-resistant strain.
• Individual resistant pathogens survive and reproduce, so the population of the resistant strain increases.
• Antibiotics and vaccinations may no longer be effective against a new resistant strain of the pathogen.
• The new strain will then spread rapidly because people are not immune to it and there is no effective treatment.
• Many strains of bacteria, including MRSA, have developed resistance to antibiotics as a result of natural selection.

Question 21

Culturing microorganisms

Answer 21

To study microorganisms, they need to be cultured.

• They need to be provided with the conditions they need to reproduce quickly:

o Nutrients

o Warmth

o Moisture

• Bacteria and fungi can be grown in special media called agar.
• This provides them with:

o Carbohydrate

o Protein or amino acids

o Water

Question 22

Outline the aseptic technique

Answer 22

===Firstly heat the wire loop to sterilise it,to prevent any bacteria getting into it the agar jelly that we do not want to test.
===Then use loop to inoculate the agar with bacteria
===the loop is then resterilised
===the dish can be divided
====the lid is sealed with a piece of tape
===prevents anaerobic respiration
===it is incubated at 25