B1.4 Interdependence and Adaptation

Question 1

What do plants need in order to survive

Answer 1

Plants need light, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and nutrients, such as mineral ions form the soil.

Question 2

what do animals need

Answer 2

Animals need food from other organisms, water and oxygen.

Question 3

What are extremophiles

Answer 3

Extremophiles are organisms that live in very extreme environments and can survive conditions that would kill most other organisms. The extreme conditions can include:
high temperatures
high concentrations of salt in water
high pressures.

Question 4

The camel

Answer 4

Large, flat feet to spread their weight on the sand.
Thick fur on the top of the body for shade, and thin fur elsewhere to allow easy heat loss.
A large surface area to volume ratio to maximise heat loss.
The ability to go for a long time without water (they don’t store water in their humps, but they lose very little through urination and sweating).
The ability to tolerate body temperatures up to 42°C.
Slit-like nostrils and two rows of eyelashes to help keep the sand out.

Question 5

cactus

Answer 5

They have:

• Stems that can store water.
• Widespread root systems that can collect water from a large area.
• In addition, cacti have spines instead of leaves. These minimise the surface area and so reduce water loss by transpiration. The spines also protect the cacti from animals that might eat them.
• Thick waxy surface to reduce water loss
• Fewer ‘stomata’, reducing water loss

Question 6

adaptation

Answer 6

Adaptation is afeature which helps an organism survive in its habitat.

Question 7

Plant competition

Answer 7

Plants often compete with each other for:

• Light
• Water from the soil
• Nutrients from the soil

Question 8

Animal competiotion

Answer 8

Competition

Animals often compete with each other for:

• Food
• Mates
• Territory

Question 9

Polar bear

Answer 9

• Small surface area to volume rato to minimise heat loss.
• Fat underlayer for insulation
• Thick waterproof fur for insulation.
• Their large, furry feet help to distribute their weight as they walk on a thin ice.
• They are white which camouflages them against the snow. This helps them to hunt.

Question 10

Animal adapted to SURVIVE

Answer 10

Rabbit
*Acute hearing to listen forpredators
*Eyes on side of head to give all round vision
*Excellent sense of sense of smell
*Flat grinding teeth for eating plants
*The streamlined body makes it apparant to the predator ,that it will outrun it.
Arrow FROGs use bright colours to warn of predators that it is very poisonous
*A leaf katydid camouflages and disguises itself to look like a green leaf

Question 11

Plant adapted to SURVIVE

Answer 11

Mimosa-close up when touched to avoid being eaten
Bracken-toxic chemicals
*Dead nettles use mimicry to resemble stinging nettles,without the needles containign chemicals.
*ACACIA-thorns to deter herbivores

Question 12

Non-living (abiotic) factors:e.

Answer 12

Non-living (abiotic) factors:

• Light
• Oxygen
• Water
• Temperature

Question 13

Living (biotic) factors:

Answer 13

Living (biotic) factors:

• Food
• Predation
• Grazing
• Disease
• Competition – for: food, light, water, spac

Question 14

Bilogical Indicaters

Answer 14

Living organisms can be used as indicators of pollution:

• Lichens are symbiotic associations of algae and fungi species that attach to tree trunks and rock.
• They are sensitive to changes in air quality.
• They are very sensitive to sulphur dioxide (SO2) pollution in the air.
• This is released from industry and burning fossil fuels, especially coal.
• Lichens absorb sulphur dioxide dissolved in water.