Diesel Engines 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is happening during the induction stroke.

A

The inlet valve is open
The exhaust valve is closed
The piston is moving from top dead center to bottom dead centre sucking air in to the cylinder through the air intake.

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2
Q

What happens during the compression stroke?

A

Both valves are closed
The piston moves from bottom dead centre to top dead center compressing the air causing it to heat up then the injector sprays atomised fuel in to the cylinder just before the piston reaches TDC.

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3
Q

What happens during the power stroke?

A

After the fuel is injected it has a ignition delay before combusting forcing the piston down to bottom dead center turning the crankshaft.

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4
Q

What happens during the exhaust stroke?

A

The exhaust valve is open
The intake valve is closed
The piston moves from bottom dead centre to top dead centre to force the exhaust gases out of the exhaust manifold.

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5
Q

What is valve overlap and why do we use it?

A

Valve overlap is when the intake valve opens slightly near the end of the exhaust to push out all of the exhaust gases and cool the exhaust valve to prevent deformation

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6
Q

What are diesel engines used for in the RN?

A

1.Propulsion
2.Air compressors
3.Generating electricity
4.Fire pumps

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7
Q

Define the driven end of a engine.

A

The end of the engine with the flywheel which is connected to a load like a gearbox

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8
Q

Define the free end of a engine.

A

The end that is used to power ancillaries and control timing of them

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9
Q

What is the compression ratio of a desiel engine.

A

20:1

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10
Q

What does the engine block do?

A

It is the main body of the engine housing the cylinders and mounting ancillary components.

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11
Q

What is the job of the cylinder?

A

To be the compression chamber and dissapate heat from the piston and power stroke to the engine block.

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12
Q

How are cylinders labeled for inline engines?

A

They are labelled in series from the free end of the engine.

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13
Q

How are cylinders labelled in a v-engine?

A

The cylinders are separated into banks A and B.
Bank A is always on the left when looking from the free end the cylinders are the labeled in series in each bank

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14
Q

What is the role of the cylinder head?

A

To close of the combustion chamber and house the valves and fuel injectors.

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15
Q

What is the role of the cylinder head gasket?

A

A gasket between the cylinder head and engine block to prevent gas or fluid leaking it is also reinforced in high pressure areas with soft metals.

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16
Q

Why do we need a sump in a engine?

A

So that we can collect and reuse oil draining from the rocker gear and crankshaft.

17
Q

What is the role of a piston?

A

To compress and draw gas into the cylinder.

18
Q

Why are piston rings important?

A

They create a seal between the piston and cylinder to prevent gases and oils mixing which could lead to improper combustion.
2 to control pressure
1 to control oil and lubricant the cylinder

19
Q

What is the role of the gudgeon pin?

A

To connect the piston to the connecting rod.

20
Q

What is the role of the connecting rod?

A

To connect the piston to the crankshaft.

21
Q

What is the role of the crankshaft?

A

To convert the reciprocating motion from the piston to rotary motion which can be used by the load on the engine.

22
Q

What is the role of a flywheel

A

To help the engine turn over the other cylinders when they are not on there power stroke and smooth out the rotary motion
Has gear teeth on the outside for the starter motor to mesh with.

23
Q

What is the role of the camshaft?

A

To spin exactly half the speed of the crankshaft to control the timing of the valves opening and closing.

24
Q

What is the role of a valve and the two types?

A

Used to control the flow of fresh air and exhaust gases in the cylinder.
Exhaust valve
Intake vavle

25
Q

What is the role of the push rods?

A

To transfer the motion of the camshaft to the rocker Arms?

26
Q

What is the role of the rocker Arms?

A

To open the valves at the correct time.

27
Q

What is the role of the fuel injector

A

To spary a controlled volume of high pressure atomised fuel into the cylinder at the end of the compression stroke

28
Q

What is the oil test we use called and what does it test for?

A

Kittewake oil test kit
Water
Insouables
Acidity
Viscosity

Ruling oil between fingers
Abrasives

29
Q

What 3 things are we checking when testing coolant?

A

1.salinty (salt content)
2.density
3.acidity

30
Q

What happens when both lube oil and coolant pressure are low?

A

A alarm is set off and if pressure falls below safe limits the engine will trip.

31
Q

What happens if the lube oil and coolant temperature is high?

A

A alarm will sound then if temperature rises above a safe limit the engine will trip.

32
Q

What happens when the engine overspeed?

A

A alarm will sound and if it continues to occur the engine will trip.

33
Q

What is the procedure to rest a trip

A

Find the cause
Fix the cause
Get permission to rest the trip
Rest the trip

34
Q

What safety system is fitted in all engine rooms and machine spaces?

A

Fire detection systems and remote or local fire suppression systems.

35
Q

Why is hygiene important when working with engines?

A

To prevent skin infections and reduce risk of fire from oil spills or soiled rags/overalls.

36
Q

What are the hazards of working with engines?

A

Noise
Fire
Entrapment
Heat

37
Q

What is the name and use of the antifreeze used in the RN?

A

AL39
It is a corrosion inhibitor