DIENCEPHALON CLINICAL

Question 1

Most thalamic infarcts are reported in the _________supplied by the geniculotha-lamic and paramedian arteries

Answer 1

posterolateral and the medial thalamic territories

Question 2

posterolateral thalamic territory infarcts SX

Answer 2

pansensory loss contralateral to the lesion, paresthesia, and thalamic pain.

Question 3

. In this syndrome, severe, persistent, paroxysmal, and often intolerable pain (tha-lamic pain) resistant to analgesic medications occurs at the time of injury or following a period of transient hemiparesis, hemiataxia, choreiform movements, and hemisensory loss.

Answer 3

Dejerine and Roussy

Question 4

secondary to occlusion of the tuberothalamic branch of the posterior COM artery

Answer 4

Anterolateral Thalamic Territory

Question 5

clinical findings in Anterolateral Thalamic Territory stroke

Answer 5

the clinical manifestations include contralateral hemiparesis, visual field defects, facial paresis with emotional stimulation, and rarely, hemisensory loss. Severe, usually transient neuropsychological impairments predominate in lesions in this thalamic territory

Question 6

Infarcts in the lateral territory of the thalamus are associated with occlusion of____________

Answer 6

occlusion of the anterior choroidal branch of the internal carotid artery.

Question 7

structures involved in Infarcts in the lateral territory of the thalamus

Answer 7

posterior limb of the internal capsule, lateral thalamic nuclei (lateral geniculate, ventral posterior lateral, pulvinar, reticular), and medial temporal lobe

Question 8

territory associated with occlusion of the posterior choroidal branch of the posterior cerebral artery.

Answer 8

Posterior Thalamic Territory

Question 9

structures involved in Posterior Thalamic Territory stroke

Answer 9

Thalamic nuclei involved include the lateral geniculate, pulvinar, and dorsolateral nuclei.

Question 10

clinical manifestations of Posterior Thalamic Territory stroke

Answer 10

contralateral homonymous quadrantanopsia and hemihypesthesia, as well as neuropsychological deficits, including memory defects and transcortical aphasia

Question 11

Thalamic structures critical for memory

Answer 11

nterior nuclei, midline and intralaminar nuclei, dorsomedial nucleus, and mamillothalamic tract.

Question 12

Cortical activation of thalamus for arousal

Answer 12

(1) an indirect mechanism, via the thalamus, comprised of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), and
(2) a direct mechanism (nonthalamic), via cholinergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and histaminergic arousal systems that originate in the brain stem, basal forebrain, or hypothalamus and do not pass through the thalamus.

Question 13

Cheiro-Oral Syndrome

Answer 13

confined to one hand and to the ipsilateral mouth region.

It is associated with focal lesions in the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus

Question 14

unwilled, uncontrollable movements of an upper limb together with failure to recognize ownership of a limb in the absence of visual cues.

Answer 14

The Alien Hand Syndrome

Question 15

lesions associated with alien hand

Answer 15

corpus callosum and mesial frontal area

posterolateral and anterolateral thalamic territories

Question 16

The lesion usually involves the ventral lateral and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei.

Answer 16

Thalamic Acalculia

Question 17

associated with thalamic lesions associated with Language deficits

Answer 17

(1) medial, (2) anterolateral, and (3) lateral.

Question 18

medial type, involving the dorsomedial and centromedian nuclei (medial thalamic territory),

Answer 18

anomia and attentionally induced language impairment.

Question 19

anterolateral type, the lesion involves ventral anterior and anterior ventral nuclei (anterolateral thalamic territory).

Answer 19

phasic syndrome resembling transcortical aphasia

Question 20

lateral thalamic territory.

Answer 20

characterized by mild anomia