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CRRAB II- Week 3 > Diebel: Micro Respiratory Infectious Diseases 2 > Flashcards

Diebel: Micro Respiratory Infectious Diseases 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are infections of the LRT?

A

Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
(pertussis and influenza)

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2
Q

What pathogens are associated w/ borncihitis?

A

MAINLY viral infections

Bacterial secondary infections are possible

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3
Q

What pathogens are associated w/ bronchiolitis?

A

VIRAL infection of INFANTS (RSV)

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4
Q

What pathogens are associated w/ influenza?

A

VIRAL infection that can lead to pneumonia through a bacterial secondary infection

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5
Q

What pathogens are associated w/ pertussis?

A

BACTERIAL infection > 90% of cases are B. pertussis

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6
Q

What pathogens are associated w/ pneumonia?

A

Widely varying causes

Viruses- MC in children
Bacteria
Fungi

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7
Q

A pt presents w/ cough, fever and chest pain. What may they have?

A

Bronchitis

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8
Q

What do you often see prior to the onset of bronchitis?

A

Signs of the common cold

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9
Q

Do chest radiographs for bronchitis reveal consolidates or infiltrates?

A

No

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10
Q

What causes bronchitis?

A

Viral URI that extends DOWN to trachea, bronchi and bronchioles>
hacking COUGH w/ some SPUTUM produciton

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11
Q

Does bronchitis involve the alveoli?

A

NO

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12
Q

What population is bronchitis most commonly seen in?

A

Children and elderly

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13
Q

How do you diagnose bronchitis and differentiate it from pneumonia?

A

Clincial signs and sxs

CXR needed for differentiation

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14
Q

How do you tx Bronchitis?

A

Don’t it’s typically self limiting

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15
Q

What do you do if a bronchitis lasts longer than 14 days and a pt has a fever and purulent sputum?

A

Bacterial identification

Antibiotic treatment (erythromycin and azithromycin)

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16
Q

What microorganisms cause bronchitis?

A 
Rhinovirus
Parainfluenza virus
RSV
Influenza A and B
Cox A and B
Adenovirus
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17
Q

Rhinovirus

A

RNA
Nonenveloped
Class IV SS + Nonsegmented

Picornaviridae

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18
Q

Paramyxovirus

A

RNA
Enveloped
Class V SS = Nonsegmented

Paramyxoviridae

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19
Q

RSV

A

RNA
Enveloped
Class V SS - Nonsegmented

Paramyxoviridae
Pneumovirus

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20
Q

What is the MCC of penumonia in young children?

A

RSV

parainfluenza virus

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21
Q

Influenza A and B

A

RNA
Enveloped
Class V SS - Nonsegmented

Orthomyxoviridae

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22
Q

Cox A and B

A

RNA
Nonenveloped
Class V SS + Nonsegmented

Picornaviridae
Enterovirus

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23
Q

Adenovirus

A

DNA
Nonenveloped
Group I DS linear DNA

Adenoviridae

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24
Q

What is the MCC of aseptc meningitis?

A

Cosackie
Echo
Mumps

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25
Q

What is the MCC of palm and sole rash?

A

Syphilis
RMSF
Cosackie

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26
Q

What is the MCC of conjunctivitis?

A

H inflluenza
Adeno
S. pneumoniae

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27
Q

What bacteria cause bronchitis?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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28
Q

Are Myoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneunoniae gram + or -?

A

Neither!

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29
Q

What is the MCC of atypical pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma
legionella
Chlamydia
Viruses

30
Q

What ishte MCC of pneumonia in adults?

A

Mycoplasma
C. pneumoniae
s. pneumoniae

31
Q

What are two obligate intracellular parasites (require host ATP for energy)? Which replicates w/ inclusion bodies?

A

Clamydiae–replicates w/ inclusion bodies

Rickettsiae

32
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Inflammation of the bronchial trees as LOW as the bronchioles but NO alveoli involvement

33
Q

Who does bronchiolitis commonly affect?

A

Infants younger than 1 year d/t NARROW developing of the airways

  • typically preceded by a minor viral URI
34
Q

How do you diagnose bronchiolitis?

A

Clinical signs and sxs and chest x-ray to rule out pneumonia

35
Q

In diagnosing bronchiolitis, how can you rule out pneumonia?

A

Ag testing for RSV

36
Q

How can you protect pts at risk for bronchiolitis?

A

Passive immunization w/ anti-RSV antibodies

37
Q

What are the causes of Bronchiolitis? Which is MC?

A

**RSV
Parainfluenza
Adeno

38
Q

What are the two distinct symptom phases of pertussis?

A

Catarrhal stage

Second (paroxysmal stage)

39
Q

What characterizes the catarrhal stage of pertussis? How long does it last?

A

Incubation period of 3-21 days>

Stage begins w/ bacteria present in RT and appearance of COLD sxs, esp RUNNY NOSE.

1-2 Weeks

40
Q

What characterizes the second stage of pertussis? What is the danger of uncontrolled coughing?

A

SEVERE and UNCONTROLLABLE COUGHING

It can lead to burst blood vessels in the eyes, vomiting, seizures from small hemorrhages in the brain.

41
Q

What is the convalescent phase of pertussis?

A

Pertussis bacteria are decreasing and no longer causing ongoing symptoms.

42
Q

What happens to the body during the active stages of Pertussis?

A

Damage to the CILIA on RT epithelial cells

complete recovery takes weeks or even months

43
Q

How long does it take the body to recover from damage caused by pertussis? What can happen during this time?

A

weeks to months

other microorganisms can more easily COLONIZE and cause SECONDARY INFECTIONS

44
Q

What toxins does pertussis have?

A

AB toxin

tracheal cytotoxin

45
Q

What does the AB toxin do?

A

Results in high levels of cAMP>
Mucous production>
blocks airways>
coughing spasms

46
Q

What does the tracheal cytotoxin do?

A

Kills ciliated cells

47
Q

B. Pertussis

A

Bacteria
Gram -
Coccobacilli pleomorphic
Bordet gengou medium

48
Q

What type of agar is the selective growth for Bordatella?

A

Bordet gengou

49
Q

What initially causes influenza infection?

A

Influenza A and B

50
Q

How does influenza infect the larynx mucosa?

A

Inhaled through aerosols. Infects the LARYNX mucosa via contact of the viral hemagglutinin HA envelope protein with SIALIC ACID on cell surfaces (leads to endocytosis).

51
Q

What permits viral spread of influenza?

A

The viral neurominidase (NA) envelope protein is important for cleaving HA bound to sialic acid, this permits viral spread.

52
Q

What does replication of Influenza lead to?

A

Virus replication in host cells can lead to death of the host cell leading to tissue damage and disease. The immune response to infection also contributes to disease via production of IL-1 and IFN-γ.

53
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

when MAJOR changes in Ag occur d/t GENE REASSORTMENT in the influenza virus.

54
Q

How does antigenic shift occur?

A

Susceptible host get infected by two types of viruses. Both are in a single cell and get mixed and matched during replication leading to a NEW virus particle.

55
Q

What is antigenic DRIFT?

A

When MINOR changes in Ags occur d/t GENE MUTATION.

56
Q

What controls influenza outbreaks?

A

Immunization

57
Q

Is there a new vaccine for immediate use when strains evolve?

A

NO

it takes 6 months

58
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammatory condition of the lung in which FLUID fills the alveoli>
diffuse consolidation on CXR

59
Q

What is the MCC of Pneumonia? Other causes?

A

S. Pneumoniae
S agalactiae (Group B strep)
N. Asteroides

60
Q

S. Pneumoniae

A 
Bacteria
Gram + 
diplococci
Catalase -
Alpha hemolytic
Bile esculin negative
optochin susceptible
61
Q

What are common causes of pneumonia in adults?

A

40-65

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
legionella

62
Q

What are common causes of pneumonia in elderly?

A

> 65
s. pneumoniae
gram - rods
H. influenze

63
Q

What are the MCC of meningitis in 60 year olds?

A

s. pneumoniae
gram - rods
listeria

64
Q

What is the MCC of neonatal meningitis?

A

group B strep
e. coli
listeria

65
Q

What is unique about nocardia and myocbacteria?

A

Both have acid fast staining

66
Q

What is unique about nocardia and a. idraelii?

A

Both resemble FUNGI

but only A. israelii forms SULFUR GRANULES

only nocardia is ACID FAST

67
Q

S. AGALACTIAE

A 
Bacteria
gram +
cocci
catalase -
beta hemolytic
bacitracin resistant
68
Q

N. asteroides

A 
Bacteria
gram +
beaded filaments
weakly acid fast
obligate aerobe
69
Q

A 2-month-old girl suffered from a cough for more than 2 weeks. The patient’s mother became concerned when the child turned blue after a couple of coughing spells that ended with vomiting. She brought her to a pediatrician. The patient had not yet received any vaccinations. She had recently been healthy without any underlying medical problems.

A

Pertussis

70
Q

Abrupt onset of a high fever, chest pain and brown colored sputum is indicative of what?

A

Pneumonia caused by klebsiella pneumonia

71
Q

In DECEMBER, a 73-year-old man from a NURSING HOME was brought to the hospital in ARD. He had been in his usual state of health until 10AM the previous day when he SUDDENLY developed fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, and prostration. Several other nursing home residents had developed a similar illness during the previous week. His past history is unremarkable and he had NOT SEEN DOC IN PAST YAER.

A

SEasonal influenza

CRRAB II- Week 3 (12 decks)

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