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CRRAB II- Week 3 > Diebel: Causative Microorganisms of LRT Infections > Flashcards

Diebel: Causative Microorganisms of LRT Infections Flashcards

1
Q

How many RNA segments do influenza A and B have vs. C?

A

And B- 8

C- 7

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2
Q

How are influenza C infections different in terms of sxs?

A

Much less virulent than A and B and many infections are ASYMPTOMATIC

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3
Q

Which influenza viruses have NO antigenic shifts?

A

B and C ( no animal reservoir)

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4
Q

Which influenza viruses are unresponsive to amantadine or rimantadine?

A

B and C

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5
Q

Which influenzas go through antigenic drift?

A

ALL

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6
Q

Which influenza exhibits antigenic shift and drift?

A

Type A

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7
Q

What is the clinical presentation of influenza?

A

Common cold and flu that can lead to

SECONDARY bacterial pneumonia

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8
Q

Describe the pathology of the influenza virus.

A 
Aersols> infects the larynx mucosa>
Viral HA protein contacts SIALIC ACID on cell surfaces>
endocytosis>
NA cleaves HA bound to sialic acid>
viral spread
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9
Q

How does influenza cuase damage?

A

Viral replication in host cells>
death of host cell>
tissue damage/ disease

IR produces IL-1 and IFN y

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10
Q

How do you diagnose influenza?

A

pt sxs

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11
Q

How do you confirm influenza?

A

Rapid antigen test on nasophyrngeal swab

Culture swab to detect HA type and RBC agglutination test

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12
Q

What vaccines are available for influenza?

A

Inactivated type A and B virus HA and NA ags

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13
Q

What is the clinical presentation of bordatella pertussis?

A

Whooping cough

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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pertussis?

A

Airborne transmission>
adheres to CILIA of RT via FHA>
release of toxins>
disease

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15
Q

What is the pertussis toxin?

A 
AB toxin>
inactivates Gi proteins>
increase in cAMP>
increase in lymphoctye numbers
impairs phagocytosis
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16
Q

What is tracheal cytotoxin?

A

Kills epithelial cells and impairs mucous clearance

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17
Q

What are the three stages of whooping cough?

A
  1. Catarrhal (1-2 weeks)
  2. Paroxysmal ( 3rd week to 2 mos)
  3. Recovery (2-3rd month)
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18
Q

What sxs are associated w/ the catarrhal stage?

A

flulike sxs

highly contagious

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19
Q

What sxs are associated with the paroxysmal stage?

A

Coughing bouts w/ whooping inspiration

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20
Q

What characterizes the recovery stage?

A

coughing subsides

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21
Q

Gram - coccobacillia

Bordet gengou medium

A

Bordatella pertussis

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22
Q

How do you prevent whooping cough?

A

DTaP

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23
Q

How do you tx whooping cough?

A

Erythromycin for STAGE 1 only

24
Q

What can strep. agalactiae cause?

A

Neonatal pneumonia a day after birth

25
Q

How does strep. agalactiae colonize?

A

Carried in the maternal GI tract>
obstetric complication>
colonization of neonate

26
Q

Neonatal pneumonia caused by…
Gram +
Beta hemolytic
Bacitractin resistant

A

strep. agalactiae

27
Q

How do you treat strep. agalactiae?

A

Penicillin G

28
Q

What microorganism most commonly affects young people that live in close quarters?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

29
Q 
What is the microorganism:
No cell wall
Marked pleomorphism
Resistant to Beta lactam antibiotics
NO gram stain
A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

30
Q

What microorg causes tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

31
Q

This bacteria adheres to the respiratory epithelium, inhibits ciliary motion and destroys mucosa. B cell response to the infection causes IgM cold agglutinatinins.

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

32
Q

How do you treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Erythromyacin

Tetracycline

33
Q

Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) most commonly infects what population?

A

Young adults

34
Q

How does TWAR usually present?

A

Atypical pneumonia

35
Q

What is the pathogenesis of TWAR?

A 
Obligate intracellular parasite>
enters URT>
phagocytosed by mphages>
lymphocytes infiltrate>
pulmonary edema, necrosis and hemorrhage
36
Q

What is the infective form of TWAR?

A

EB

37
Q

How do you diagnose TWAR?

A

Giemsa stain to visualize INTRACYTOPLASMIC inclusions

38
Q

How do you treat TWAR?

A

Doxycyline

39
Q

What respiratory disease can s. Aureus cause?

A

Pneumonia w/ cavitations

40
Q

How does S. Aureus cause Pneumonia?

A

Bacteria colonize nasopharynx>
neutrophils localize to site of infection>
purulent abscess forms>
Pneumonia

41
Q

How does s. aureus evade host defenses?

A

Protein A
coagulase
hemolysins
leukocidins

42
Q

A bacteria that has gram + clusters, catalase + and coagulase + is?

A

s. aureus

43
Q

How do you treat pneumonia caused by s. aureus?

A

penicillinase resistant penicillins

vancomycin

44
Q

What is an important cause of community acquired pneumonia in elderly smokers?

A

Legionella pneumophillia

45
Q

What is the clinical presentation of legionella pneumophillia?

A

Legionnaire’s disease (atypical pneumonia)

46
Q

How does legionella cause pneumonia?

A 
Inhaled>
adheres to RT via pili>
phaygocytosed by alveolar mphages>
mphages secrete neutrophil attractants>
neutrophils arrive from microabscess>
severe atypical pneumonoia
47
Q

Silver stain, charcoal yeast extract, and Urinary antigen are used to detect…

A

Legionella

48
Q

How do you treat legionalla pnepumophila?

A

Erythromycin

49
Q

What causes pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

50
Q

What is the pathogenesis of PCP?

A

cyst inhaled in childhood>
stays latent in lungs>
mild/asymptomatic pneumonia

51
Q

How do you diagnose PCP?

A

silver stain

cysts form dark oval bodies

52
Q

How do you treat PCP?

A

TMP-SMX or pentamide

53
Q

What bacteria can cause pneumonia in immunocompromised pts and resembles TB in presentation?

A

Nocardia asteroides

54
Q

What bacteria causes a pneumonia w/ cavitations that can lead so abscesses in the kidneys and brain?

A

Nocardia asteroides

55
Q 
What bacteria is:
gram +
aerobic
beaded filaments w/ a filamentous growth
weakly acid fast?
A

Nocardia asteroides

56
Q

How do you treat nocardia asteroides?

A

TMP SMX

drain the surgical abscesses

CRRAB II- Week 3 (12 decks)

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