Did Henry die a diminished king? Flashcards
What was the outcome of the second recoinage (1180-82)?
The second recoinage of 1180-82 was very successful, and Henry II’s new coins survived until the mid-13th century.
What impact did the 1176 Assize of Northampton have on coinage?
The 1176 Assize of Northampton made forgery punishments greater, which helped Henry II’s new coins remain in circulation until the mid-13th century.
How did the number of royal mints change under Henry II?
Henry II introduced only 10 royal mints, where professionals were paid directly by the king to produce coins. These mints could only earn income from making the king’s coins.
What was the significance of Richard fitzNigel’s Dialogue of the Exchequer?
Richard fitzNigel completed his Dialogue of the Exchequer by 1179, which codified treasury practices for accounting and scrutinizing coinage.
How many general eyres took place from 1176-89, and how did they evolve?
From 1176 to 1189, there were eight general eyres. The scope of these eyres widened by 1189, allowing justices to hear any case about violations of common or king’s law and conduct investigations ordered by the exchequer or justiciars.
What was the purpose of the 1181 Assize of Arms?
The 1181 Assize of Arms relied on nationwide surveys to identify barons with too much military power and those who needed more support, imposing harsh punishments on the former.
Who replaced Richard de Lucy as justiciar after his death in 1179?
After Richard de Lucy’s death in 1179, Ranulf de Glanville, a loyal supporter and legal expert, replaced him. Glanville had also been trusted as the custodian of Eleanor of Aquitaine since 1176.
What was the purpose of the Court of the King’s Bench?
The Court of the King’s Bench, established in 1178, was made up of five permanent magnates of the curia regis. It heard cases not covered in the eyres or itinerant circuits and acted as a supreme court for the king’s legal matters.
What did the Assize of the Forest (1184) do?
The Assize of the Forest (1184), also known as the Assize of Woodstock, made punishments for purpresture (encroachment on royal forest lands) much more severe and set precedents for future monarchs.
What mistakes did John make in Ireland in 1185?
In 1185, to attempt to resolve the bickering between his sons over inheritance, Henry II sends John to Ireland
John made the mistake of insulting Irish customs by distributing Irish lands to his favourites and insulting Irish nobles, which led to a rebellion in 1186.
What happened after the rebellion in Ireland in 1186?
After the rebellion in Ireland in 1186, an assassin killed Hugh de Lacy, Henry II’s justiciar in Ireland, weakening Henry’s control over the region.
What happened when Salah ad-Din invaded Jerusalem in 1187?
Salah ad-Din invaded Jerusalem in 1187 after Henry II rejected an offer to defend the city. Jerusalem fell to Salah ad-Din, leaving the city vulnerable to Islamic forces.
Why was Henry II criticized after the fall of Jerusalem?
Henry II was criticized for not defending Jerusalem despite having invested heavily in the Knights Templar and Hospitaler. Henry was seen as irresponsible and most of his 30,000 silver marks were either stolen or used in futile attempts to hire mercenaries for defense.
What was the Saladin Tithe, and how did it affect Henry II’s reign?
The Saladin Tithe was a tax where 10% of income and movable goods in England were collected to fund a Crusade. Henry II’s Jewish communities faced a 25% tax, making it extremely unpopular and damaging his relationship with barons and the Jewish population.
What happened between Henry II and Philip in 1185?
In 1185, Henry II was ill, and Philip kept him company in Normandy. They also came to an agreement over the Vexin, with Henry promising to marry Alice to Richard in the future.
What did Roger Howden report about the Vexin agreement between Henry II and Philip?
Roger Howden reported that Philip would not bring up the Vexin again against the King of England, nor against Richard, his son, nor their heirs.
How did Geoffrey die in 1186 and what implication did it have?
Geoffrey died in 1186 after being trampled in a jousting tournament and succumbing to his wounds.
The one secure territory Henry had under control, Brittany, was now without an heir
What did Henry II do after Geoffrey’s death in 1186?
After Geoffrey’s death, Henry refused to make clear his inheritance plans and did not declare Richard as his heir, which angered Richard and made him more vulnerable to Philip’s manipulations.
How did Philip take advantage of Geoffrey’s death?
Philip demanded Geoffrey’s wife, Constance of Brittany, and their two daughters, as well as their dower lands (including Brittany), be kept in the French court. Henry refused and married Constance to the Earl of Chester.
How did Philip manipulate Richard after Geoffrey’s death?
Philip sent envoys to Richard, inviting him to stay with Philip and form an alliance. Richard was easily swayed by Philip, and they grew close, with Gerard of Wales reporting that they shared meals and a bed together.
What did Henry II do to protect his dynasty after Richard became closer to Philip?
In order to protect his dynasty, Henry eventually declared Richard his heir.
What did Philip do in September 1187 to show his intentions against Henry II?
In September 1187, Philip, realizing his political leverage over Henry, cut down the elm tree on the banks of the Epte to symbolize his intentions.
How did Henry II respond to Philip’s actions in September 1187?
Henry waged war in Capetian France, burning villages as he advanced.
What happened during the peace talks between Henry II, Philip, and Richard in 1188?
In 1188, Philip and Richard demanded that Henry marry Richard and Alice, and that all the barons of England swear an oath of fealty. When Henry refused, Richard declared Philip overlord of all the Angevin territories in France and asked for Philip’s help in fighting his father.
