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Vet Physio Dictionary > Dictionary Terms 1-107 > Flashcards

Dictionary Terms 1-107 Flashcards

1
Q

Limb movement laterally away from the body

A

Abduction

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2
Q

Progressive loss of function of a tissue or of an organ

A

Abiotrophy

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3
Q

Any puss-filled, walled off lesion

A

Abscess

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4
Q

The ‘cup’ or ‘socket’ portion of a joint

A

Acetabulum

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5
Q

A chemical used as a major neurotransmitter in the CNS & muscles, including the autonomic nervous system

A

Acetyl Choline (ACh) (biochemistry)

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6
Q

An enzyme able to break down Acetylcholine

A

Acetylcholinesterase (AChase) (biochemistry)

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7
Q

A vital protein component of muscles

A

Actin

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8
Q

Of severe, rapid onset

A

Acute

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9
Q

Limb movement medically towards the body

A

Adduction

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10
Q

The carrier for phosphate, combined to produce ATP

A

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) (biochemistry)

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11
Q

The major form of energy used by the cells

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) (biochemistry)

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12
Q

The formation of scar tissue between structures not normally joined. Can create changes in locomotion and/or pain

A

Adhesion

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13
Q

Hormone acting to increase sugar and blood pressure and accelerate heart rate. Same as Epinephrine

A

Adrenaline

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14
Q

Represents the oxygen consumption to regenerate creative phosphate post-exercise

A

Alactic debt (biochemistry)

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15
Q

Major protein in plasma, this maintains osmotic pressure in bloody vessels and acts as a transport protein for several substances

A

Albumin

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16
Q

A form of autoimmunity. Histamine is released when sensitised cells are exposed to an allergen

A

Allergy

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17
Q

Conversion of simple substances to more complex ones

A

Anabolism

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18
Q

The breakdown of glucose or glycogen without the need for oxygen. Used in fast exercise. End product is lactate

A

Anaerobic Glycolysis

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19
Q

Inability to flex or extend a joint; occurs secondary to trauma, infection or surgery. The end stage of DJD/osteoarthritis

A

Ankylosis

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20
Q

These function to maintain tendon alignment where tendons cut across a joint

A

Annular

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21
Q

Controls water balance by acting on the kidneys to alter urine concentration

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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22
Q

Imperfect development of an organ or tissue

A

Aplasia

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23
Q

The portion of the skeleton that is composed of the bones forming the pelvis and limbs

A

Appendicular

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24
Q

Inflammation of a joint. Earliest stage of osteoarthritis

A

Arthritis

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25
Q

Any joint disease

A

Arthropathy

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26
Q

Surgical procedure that uses an arthroscope to examine and carry out surgery while avoiding the need for a major incision

A

Arthroscopy

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27
Q

A joint. Many different types

A

Arthrosis

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28
Q

Pertaining to a joint

A

Articular

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29
Q

Fracture involving a joint. Risk of arthritis progressing to DJD

A

Articular Fracture (orthopaedics)

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30
Q

Chronic soft swelling of fetlock joint (aka wind puffs)

A

Articular Windgalls (conformation)

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31
Q

A muscle enzyme released with moderate - severe muscle damage. Used as a diagnostic aid with CPK

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

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32
Q

Remove fluid from a joint space, cavity or tissue using a syringe

A

Aspirate

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33
Q

Typically taken to indicate a wasting or shrinkage of organ or tissue - not actually correct - actually means ‘no growth’

A

Atrophy

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34
Q

Group of diseases where the immune system attack is the body’s own cells

A

Autoimmunity

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35
Q

Not subject to conscious control - involved in regulation of heartbeat, glandular secretions and smooth muscle contractions

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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36
Q

Pulling or tearing away

A

Avulsion

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37
Q

Area composed of skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

A

Axial

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38
Q

Finger-like extension of nerve cells along which nerve impulses travel

A

Axon

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39
Q

Area of the neurone body which is the start of the action potential. Acts as a summator of events from dendritic inputs

A

Axon Hillock

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40
Q

An unwillingness to work, horse is anxious, sweats and has stilted movements. Muscles become damaged and muscle enzymes are elevated

A

Azoturia

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41
Q

Presence of bacteria (but not infection) in the blood stream

A

Bacteraemia

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42
Q

The bottom layer of the epidermis. Attached to a basement membrane

A

Basal cell layer

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43
Q

Contralateral pairs of limbs have narrower foot placement than normal

A

Base narrow

44
Q

Contralateral pairs of limbs have wider foot placement than normal

45
Q

Inflammation of the bicipital bursa/tendon (located under the biceps tendon)

A

Bicipital Bursitis / Tendonitis (orthopaedics)

46
Q

Distension of the stomach

47
Q

A twisting of the bowel (twisted gut)

A

Bowel torsion

48
Q

Rounded skull and short maxilla/premaxilla. Usually prognathic. Pugs and boxers are typical examples

A

Brachiocephalic

49
Q

Lower jaw is shorter than the upper one. This puts the lower incisors further behind the upper ones

A

Brachygnathism

50
Q

Rupture of the suspensory apparatus I.e. The loss of one of more of the supporting structures of the fetlock

A

Broken down

51
Q

Common cause of lameness, especially in flat-footed thoroughbreds (stone bruise)

A

Bruised sole

52
Q

Injury caused by the foot or shoe of one limb striking the other. Damage occurs on the inside of the coronary band, Pastern, fetlock or canon

53
Q

Inflammation and haemorrhage over the front surface if the cannon bone. Common in 2-3 year old racehorses

A

Bucked shins

54
Q

Advanced degenerative arthritis caused by new bone growth of the extensor ess of the coffin bone, leads to change of shape of the foot. Presents as a sudden, moderate lameness

A

Buttress foot

55
Q

Heel bone. Fibulae tarsal bone

A

Calcaneous

56
Q

Bony deposits in soft tissues

A

Calcification

57
Q

Bone with spongy or lattice like internal structure e.g. Bone marrow

A

Cancellous

58
Q

Chronic overgrowth of the tissues in the foot that produce horn. This is usually due to housing in unsanitary conditions

59
Q

Third metacarpal/metatarsal bone

60
Q

Subcutaneous swelli (bursa) at the point of hock. Cosmetic blemish. No action required

A

Capped hock

61
Q

Muscle layer of heart

A

Cardiac muscle

62
Q

Enlarged heart, seen in cardiomyopathy

A

Cardiomegaly

63
Q

Disease of cardiac muscle. Genetic or nutritional. Affects the function of the heart as a pump

A

Cardiomyopathy

64
Q

Of the carpus

A

Carpal (carpo)

65
Q

Construction of the annular ligament on the Palmer aspect of the carpus, often leading to lameness

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome (orthopaedics)

66
Q

Inflammation affecting carpus and associated structures

67
Q

Tissue matrix of proteins and carbohydrate (proteoglycans) with embedded chrondrocytes. Hyaline and fibrous forms

A

Cartilage (orthopaedics)

68
Q

Specialised imaging technique producing cross sectional images of the body

A

Computer Aided Tomography (CAT) (diagnostics)

69
Q

The breakdown of complex compounds into simpler ones

A

Catabolism

70
Q

Nerve roots at the caudal end of the spinal cord

A

Cauda Equina (neurology)

71
Q

Towards the tail

72
Q

Comprised of forebrain and cerebrum, midbrain, hindbrain and cerebellum and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS) (neurology)

73
Q

Area of the brain concerned with motor function, balance and coordination

A

Cerebellum (neurology)

74
Q

Degenerative disease of the neck vertebrae

A

Cervical spondylopathy (orthopaedics)

75
Q

General term for molars and premolars, usually referring to herbivores

A

Cheek teeth

76
Q

Phasic changes in the depth of respiration. Seen in circulatory disorders or after intense exercise

A

Cheyne-Stokes breathing (neurology)

77
Q

Malignant tumour of cartilage

A

Chondrosarcoma

78
Q

Scar formation

A

Cicatrization

79
Q

Limb movement in an arc rather than in the Sagittal plane

A

Circumduction

80
Q

Kreb’s cycle. Enables the oxidation of glucose and fats to produce energy (ATP). Requires oxygen

A

Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) (biochemistry)

81
Q

CK

A

Creatine phosphokinase (biochemistry)

82
Q

Distal phalanx (P3) of the limb, incorporated into the hoof

A

Coffin bone

83
Q

Inflammation of the large colon. Can become chronic

84
Q

Bone is broken or crushed into fragments

A

Comminuted Fracture (orthopaedics)

85
Q

An open fracture where one breaks through the skin

A

Compound fracture (orthopaedics)

86
Q

Curved joint surface

87
Q

Overall physical appearance reflecting the arrangement of muscle, bone and tissue

A

Conformation

88
Q

Differing types of supportive tissues that hold body structures together

A

Connective tissue

89
Q

Orthopaedic condition occurring in foals. Associated with rapid growth rate and high levels of nutrition

A

Contracted tendons (orthopaedics)

90
Q

On the opposite side

A

Contralateral

91
Q

A bruise

92
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

93
Q

Changed into hardened tissue, of skin

94
Q

Ring of vascular tissue along the upper edge of the hoof wall from which horn of the hoof grows

95
Q

Inflammation of the coronary band

96
Q

Steroid hormones, cortisol etc produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland

A

Corticosteroids (biochemistry)

97
Q

Creatine Phosphokinase

A

CPK (biochemistry)

98
Q

The result of dermatitis or infection situated below the back of the fetlock and between the heels

A

Cracked heels

99
Q

Towards the front of the animal, including the front facing aspects of the limbs

100
Q

Better name than anterior cruciate ligament

A

Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) (orthopaedics)

101
Q

A compound in muscles used as a rapid method of regenerating ATP

A

Creative phosphate (CrP) (biochemistry)

102
Q

A muscle specific enzyme. Raised levels of this can indicate muscle disorders, very sensitive. Used with AST

A

Creating phosphokinase (CPK) (biochemistry)

103
Q

A breakdown product of creatine. Used to measure kidney function

A

Creatinine (Cr) (biochemistry)

104
Q

Desmitis of the planar tarsal ligament. Also the name given to a cosmetic blemish in the same area

105
Q

Primary or secondary hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex. Aka PPID

A

Cushions syndrome (HAC)

106
Q

Messenger molecules (e.g. Interferon, interleukin) used to signal and instruct cells of the immune system

A

Cytokines (biochemistry)

107
Q

Examination of cells obtained by scraping or biopsy of an area

Vet Physio Dictionary (5 decks)

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