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Dick anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the ducts of the testes?

A

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra

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2
Q

What are the accessory sex glands?

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands

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3
Q

What are dense white fibrous capsule that extends inward and divides each testis into internal compartments?

A

Lobules

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4
Q

What is lined with spermatogenic cells and produces sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

What is the process of perm production called?

A

Spermatogenesis

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6
Q

Where are Sertoli cells located?

A

Between developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

What do Sertoli cells do?

A

Support, protect and nourish spermatogenic cells; phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells; secret fluid for sperm transport and release inhibin

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8
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

Regulate sperm production

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9
Q

What is located in the seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

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10
Q

What hormone promotes the development of masculine characteristics?

A

Androgen

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11
Q

What hormone promotes a man’s libido?

A

Testosterone

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12
Q

What is a pouch that supports the testes, consists of loose skin, superficial fascia and smooth muscle?

A

Scrotum

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13
Q

What divides the scrotum into 2 sacs, each containing a teste?

A

A septum

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14
Q

Why is the scrotum outside of the pelvic cavity?

A

Sperm production and survival is optimal at temperatures that is about 2-3C below normal body temperature

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15
Q

What are the 3 stages of spermatogenesis?

A

Meiosis I, meiosis II and spermiogenesis

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16
Q

What are the 2 sets of chromosomes that make up each pair called?

A

Homologous chromosomes

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17
Q

Diploid and somatic cells contain how many sets of chromosomes?

A

2 sets

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18
Q

In sexual reproduction, an organism results from the fusion of what from each parent?

A

2 different gametes

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19
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

During puberty and continues throughout life

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20
Q

The time from on set of cell division in spermatogonium until sperm are re-released into the lumen of seminiferous tubule is how many days?

A

65-75 days

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21
Q

Spermatogonia contain how many chromosomes?

A

Diploid number (46)

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22
Q

What is meiosis I?

A

Begins with diploid starting cell and ends with 2 cells with haploid number of chromosomes

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23
Q

What is meiosis II?

A

Each of the 2 haploid cells formed during meiosis I divides

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24
Q

What is the net result of meiosis 1 and 2?

A

4 haploid gametes that are genetically different from original haploid cell

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25
What are the haploid cells formed during meiosis 2 called?
Spermatids
26
What is the final stage of spermatogenesis when each haploid develops into a single sperm cell called?
Spermiogenesis
27
How much sperm is produced per day?
300 million per day
28
How long do sperm survive in the female reproductive tract?
48 hours
29
What are the major parts of the sperm?
Head and tail
30
Which part of the sperm contains DNA and an acrosome that aids in penetration of the oocyte?
The head
31
What are the subdivisions of the sperm’s tail?
Neck, middle piece, principal piece and end piece
32
Where is the neck of the sperm located?
Constricted region just behind the head
33
What does the middle piece of the sperm’s tail contain and what does it do?
Contains mitochondria that provide ATP for locomotion
34
What is the longest portion of the sperm’s tail?
Principal piece
35
What is the terminal, tapering portion of the sperm’s tail?
End piece
36
What is a comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of the testes?
Epididymis
37
What is the site for sperm maturation?
Ductus epididymis
38
How long can sperm remain in ductus epididymis?
Several months
39
After the epididymis, where does sperm get propelled to via peristaltic contraction?
Vas deferens
40
Where is the vas deferens?
Along the posterior border of the epididymis and penetrates the inguinal canal
41
How many layers of muscle does the vas deferens have?
3 layers
42
How long can viable sperm be stored remain in the vas deferens?
Several months
43
What are the ejaculatory ducts?
Formed by the union of duct from the vas deferens and seminal vesicles
44
What ducts carry sperm into the urethra?
Short ejaculatory ducts
45
What is the urethra?
Terminal duct of the male reproductive system and passageway for sperm and urine
46
What are seminal vesicles?
Pouch-like structures lying posterior to the base of urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum
47
What fluid do seminal vesicles secrete?
Alkaline, viscous fluid that contain fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins
48
What is the purpose of fluid the seminal vesicles secrete?
Alkaline nature neutralizes the acidic environment of male urethra and female reproductive system Fructose is used for ATP Prostaglandins contribute to sperm motility and viability Clotting proteins help semen coagulate
49
How much of semen is fluid from seminal vesicles?
About 60%
50
The size of the prostate remains stable between what ages?
30-45
51
What does the prostate secrete?
Milky, slightly acidic fluid (pH about 6.5) that contains citric acid, which can be used by sperm for ATP production
52
Prostatic secretions make up what percentage of the volume of semen?
25%
53
Where are the bulbourethral located?
Inferior to the prostate on either side of the urethra
54
How does the alkaline substance from bulbourethral glands assist sperm?
It protects passing sperm by neutralizing acid in the urethra
55
Semen is a mixture of sperm and secretions from what structures?
Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands
56
What is the normal volume of semen in a typical ejaculation?
2.5-5 ml with 50-150 million sperm per ml
57
What number of sperm is considered infertile in males?
20 million per ml
58
What is the pH of semen?
Slightly alkaline, 7.2-7.7
59
What gives semen a milky appearance?
Prostatic secretions
60
What gives semen its sticky consistency?
Seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands
61
What are the parts of the penis?
Root, body and glans penis
62
What is the root of the penis?
The attached portion
63
What are the tissue in the penis?
Corpora cavernosa Corpus spongiosum
64
What are the tissues of penis enclosed by?
Fascia and skin and consist of erectile tissue permeated by blood tissue
65
Where is the glans penis?
Distal end of the corpus spongiosum, is the opening of the urethra
66
What kind of impulses cause stiffening of the penis?
Parasympathetic
67
What kind of reflex is ejaculation?
Sympathetic reflex from lumbar portion of the spine
68
The hypothalamus increases secretion of what hormone during puberty?
Gonadotropin-release hormone (GnRH)
69
GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary to increase secretion of what hormones?
Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
70
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates what cells?
Leydig cells
71
Testosterone acts in a negative feedback manner to suppress secretion of what hormone?
LH
72
In some target cells, an enzyme converts testosterone to another androgen called?
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
73
What hormones act together to stimulate spermatogenesis?
FSH and testosterone
74
What is released to inhibit spermatogenesis?
Inhibin, which inhibits FSH secretion
75
Before birth, what stimulates male pattern of development of reproductive system ducts and descent of the testes?
Testosterone
76
Before birth, what stimulates the development of external genitals?
DHT
77
During puberty, what hormones bring about the development of male sex organs and development of masculine secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone and DHT

Genitourinary (17 decks)

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