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Genitourinary > Dick anatomy > Flashcards

Dick anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the ducts of the testes?

A

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra

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2
Q

What are the accessory sex glands?

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands

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3
Q

What are dense white fibrous capsule that extends inward and divides each testis into internal compartments?

A

Lobules

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4
Q

What is lined with spermatogenic cells and produces sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

What is the process of perm production called?

A

Spermatogenesis

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6
Q

Where are Sertoli cells located?

A

Between developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

What do Sertoli cells do?

A

Support, protect and nourish spermatogenic cells; phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells; secret fluid for sperm transport and release inhibin

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8
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

Regulate sperm production

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9
Q

What is located in the seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

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10
Q

What hormone promotes the development of masculine characteristics?

A

Androgen

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11
Q

What hormone promotes a man’s libido?

A

Testosterone

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12
Q

What is a pouch that supports the testes, consists of loose skin, superficial fascia and smooth muscle?

A

Scrotum

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13
Q

What divides the scrotum into 2 sacs, each containing a teste?

A

A septum

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14
Q

Why is the scrotum outside of the pelvic cavity?

A

Sperm production and survival is optimal at temperatures that is about 2-3C below normal body temperature

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15
Q

What are the 3 stages of spermatogenesis?

A

Meiosis I, meiosis II and spermiogenesis

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16
Q

What are the 2 sets of chromosomes that make up each pair called?

A

Homologous chromosomes

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17
Q

Diploid and somatic cells contain how many sets of chromosomes?

A

2 sets

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18
Q

In sexual reproduction, an organism results from the fusion of what from each parent?

A

2 different gametes

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19
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

During puberty and continues throughout life

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20
Q

The time from on set of cell division in spermatogonium until sperm are re-released into the lumen of seminiferous tubule is how many days?

A

65-75 days

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21
Q

Spermatogonia contain how many chromosomes?

A

Diploid number (46)

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22
Q

What is meiosis I?

A

Begins with diploid starting cell and ends with 2 cells with haploid number of chromosomes

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23
Q

What is meiosis II?

A

Each of the 2 haploid cells formed during meiosis I divides

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24
Q

What is the net result of meiosis 1 and 2?

A

4 haploid gametes that are genetically different from original haploid cell

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25
Q

What are the haploid cells formed during meiosis 2 called?

A

Spermatids

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26
Q

What is the final stage of spermatogenesis when each haploid develops into a single sperm cell called?

A

Spermiogenesis

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27
Q

How much sperm is produced per day?

A

300 million per day

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28
Q

How long do sperm survive in the female reproductive tract?

A

48 hours

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29
Q

What are the major parts of the sperm?

A

Head and tail

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30
Q

Which part of the sperm contains DNA and an acrosome that aids in penetration of the oocyte?

A

The head

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31
Q

What are the subdivisions of the sperm’s tail?

A

Neck, middle piece, principal piece and end piece

32
Q

Where is the neck of the sperm located?

A

Constricted region just behind the head

33
Q

What does the middle piece of the sperm’s tail contain and what does it do?

A

Contains mitochondria that provide ATP for locomotion

34
Q

What is the longest portion of the sperm’s tail?

A

Principal piece

35
Q

What is the terminal, tapering portion of the sperm’s tail?

A

End piece

36
Q

What is a comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of the testes?

A

Epididymis

37
Q

What is the site for sperm maturation?

A

Ductus epididymis

38
Q

How long can sperm remain in ductus epididymis?

A

Several months

39
Q

After the epididymis, where does sperm get propelled to via peristaltic contraction?

A

Vas deferens

40
Q

Where is the vas deferens?

A

Along the posterior border of the epididymis and penetrates the inguinal canal

41
Q

How many layers of muscle does the vas deferens have?

A

3 layers

42
Q

How long can viable sperm be stored remain in the vas deferens?

A

Several months

43
Q

What are the ejaculatory ducts?

A

Formed by the union of duct from the vas deferens and seminal vesicles

44
Q

What ducts carry sperm into the urethra?

A

Short ejaculatory ducts

45
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Terminal duct of the male reproductive system and passageway for sperm and urine

46
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A

Pouch-like structures lying posterior to the base of urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum

47
Q

What fluid do seminal vesicles secrete?

A

Alkaline, viscous fluid that contain fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins

48
Q

What is the purpose of fluid the seminal vesicles secrete?

A

Alkaline nature neutralizes the acidic environment of male urethra and female reproductive system

Fructose is used for ATP

Prostaglandins contribute to sperm motility and viability

Clotting proteins help semen coagulate

49
Q

How much of semen is fluid from seminal vesicles?

A

About 60%

50
Q

The size of the prostate remains stable between what ages?

A

30-45

51
Q

What does the prostate secrete?

A

Milky, slightly acidic fluid (pH about 6.5) that contains citric acid, which can be used by sperm for ATP production

52
Q

Prostatic secretions make up what percentage of the volume of semen?

A

25%

53
Q

Where are the bulbourethral located?

A

Inferior to the prostate on either side of the urethra

54
Q

How does the alkaline substance from bulbourethral glands assist sperm?

A

It protects passing sperm by neutralizing acid in the urethra

55
Q

Semen is a mixture of sperm and secretions from what structures?

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands

56
Q

What is the normal volume of semen in a typical ejaculation?

A

2.5-5 ml with 50-150 million sperm per ml

57
Q

What number of sperm is considered infertile in males?

A

20 million per ml

58
Q

What is the pH of semen?

A

Slightly alkaline, 7.2-7.7

59
Q

What gives semen a milky appearance?

A

Prostatic secretions

60
Q

What gives semen its sticky consistency?

A

Seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands

61
Q

What are the parts of the penis?

A

Root, body and glans penis

62
Q

What is the root of the penis?

A

The attached portion

63
Q

What are the tissue in the penis?

A

Corpora cavernosa
Corpus spongiosum

64
Q

What are the tissues of penis enclosed by?

A

Fascia and skin and consist of erectile tissue permeated by blood tissue

65
Q

Where is the glans penis?

A

Distal end of the corpus spongiosum, is the opening of the urethra

66
Q

What kind of impulses cause stiffening of the penis?

A

Parasympathetic

67
Q

What kind of reflex is ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic reflex from lumbar portion of the spine

68
Q

The hypothalamus increases secretion of what hormone during puberty?

A

Gonadotropin-release hormone (GnRH)

69
Q

GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary to increase secretion of what hormones?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

70
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates what cells?

A

Leydig cells

71
Q

Testosterone acts in a negative feedback manner to suppress secretion of what hormone?

A

LH

72
Q

In some target cells, an enzyme converts testosterone to another androgen called?

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

73
Q

What hormones act together to stimulate spermatogenesis?

A

FSH and testosterone

74
Q

What is released to inhibit spermatogenesis?

A

Inhibin, which inhibits FSH secretion

75
Q

Before birth, what stimulates male pattern of development of reproductive system ducts and descent of the testes?

A

Testosterone

76
Q

Before birth, what stimulates the development of external genitals?

A

DHT

77
Q

During puberty, what hormones bring about the development of male sex organs and development of masculine secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Testosterone and DHT

Genitourinary (17 decks)

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