DIARRHOEA Flashcards
name 5 infectious causes of bloody diarrhoea
- shigella
- e coli 0157
- schistosomiasis
- campylobacter jejuni
- salmonella
Which is more likely to present with bloody stool: UC or CD?
UC
What is the imaging of choice to rule out toxic megacolon?
AXR
What is the imaging of choice in acute IBD?
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
What gram and shape is c diff?
Gram+ rod
What is the management of c difficile? What is the management in life threatening c difficile infection?
- first-line therapy is oral metronidazole for 10-14 days
- if severe or not responding to metronidazole then oral vancomycin may be used
- fidaxomicin may also be used for patients who are not responding , particularly those with multiple co-morbidities
- For life-threatening infections a combination of oral vancomycin and intravenous metronidazole should be used
What is the most likely antibiotic to lead to c diff?
Cephalosporin
What is the mostsevere complication of c diff (can lead to toxic megacolon)?
Pseudomembranous colitis
Smoking decreases the risk of UC or CD?
UC
Which antibodies are associated with UC?
pANCA
Which antibodies are associated with CD?
asca
name the two derm signs of IBD
- pyoderma gangrenosum
- erythema nodosum
Which IBD presents with cobblestone morphology?
CD
What is the mainstay of management of acute Crohns? If the patient has had two or more flares in the past 12 months what other therapy should be given alongside the mainstay? What investigation needs to be done before prescribing one of these?
IV corticosteroids and supportive care
Azathioprine or mercaptopurine, TPMT activity
What two medications are used in the maintenance of remission?
- Mercaptopurine
- Azathioprine
Management of UC depends on site and severity. What is the first line management in each of these situations?
- proctitis
- left sided colitis
- pancolitis
- severe pancolitis
- topical aminosalicylate
- topical aminosalicylate
- oral and topical aminosalicylate
- IV steroids
What is the maintenance therapy in UC?
Oral or topical 5-ASA
What type of pathogen causes Giardia and what is the management?
- a protozoan
- metronidazole
What is the most common and most potentially severe complication of chronic pancreatitis?
Chronic pseudocysts
