Diaphragm & Posterior Abdominal Wall Practice Questions Flashcards
Which one of the following anatomical structures forms part of the insertion (distal attachment) of the quadratus lumborum muscle?
A. Lesser trochanter
B. Greater trochanter
C. Iliac crest
D. 12th rib
E. Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
C. Iliac crest
A 64-year-old man presents to his physician with a deep, generalized aching pain in his abdomen and he notices that his feet regularly feel cold due to poor circulation in his lower limbs. Upon physical examination the physician palpates a large, pulsating abdominal mass and she suspects that her patient has an abdominal aortic aneurysm. At present, the diaphragm does not appear to be negatively affected by the aneurysm. What name is given to the ligament which forms the aperture in the diaphragm that enables passage of this artery from the thorax through to the abdomen?
A. Medial arcuate
B. Lateral arcuate
C. Median arcuate
D. Medial umbilical
E. Lateral umbilical
F. Median umbilical
C. Median arcuate
A 15-year-old skateboarder was showing off to a group of friends when he overexerted himself, fell and landed awkwardly on a steel fence. Medical imaging reveals a fracture of the lesser trochanter. (i) Which muscle inserts on this bony landmark, and (ii) What name is given to the nerve that can be identified as it pierces through the belly of this muscle in the abdominal region?
A. Psoas minor; Subcostal
B. Pectineus; Obturator
C. Transversus abdominis; Femoral
D. Quadratus lumborum; Iliohypogastric
E. Iliacus; Ilioinguinal
F. Psoas major; Genitofemoral
F. Psoas major; Genitofemoral
The esophagus passes through an opening in the diaphragm with which other structure?
Anterior vagal trunk (CN X)
Right phrenic nerve
Left phrenic nerve
Thoracic duct
Lymph vessels from the liver
Inferior epigastric artery
Superior epigastric artery
Lesser splanchnic nerve
Greater splanchnic nerve
Anterior vagal trunk (CN X)
The middle suprarenal artery is a direct branch of which of the following arteries?
A. Gonadal artery
B. Superior phrenic artery
C. Inferior phrenic artery
D. Abdominal aorta
E. Renal artery
D. Abdominal aorta
A 28-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department two hours after he was involved in a road traffic accident. A radiograph, which can be seen in the accompanying image, reveals the right dome of the diaphragm is elevated and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirms that the diaphragm remains intact and the muscle fibers have not been damaged. The physician believes that the right phrenic nerve may have been injured which is resulting in the peripheral muscular part of the right dome of the diaphragm not being able to contract during inspiration. Which of the following statements correctly describes the motor innervation of the diaphragm from the right phrenic nerve?
A. GeneralSomaticEfferent(GSE) T3–T5
B. GeneralVisceralEfferent(GVE) T3–T5
C. General Somatic Efferent (GSE) C3 – C5
D. General Visceral Efferent (GVE) C3 – C5
C. General Somatic Efferent (GSE) C3 – C5
