diagnostics for renal

Question 1

what are the 6 functions of the kidney

Answer 1

• eliminate toxic substances
• regulate body water and solute conc
• regulate acid-base balance
• excrete nitrogenous waste (urea and crew)
• regulate electrolyte comp
• endocrine (EPO, renin, metabolites of VitD)

Question 2

what are the 6 functions of the kidney

Answer 2

• eliminate toxic substances
• regulate body water and solute conc
• regulate acid-base balance
• excrete nitrogenous waste (urea and crew)
• regulate electrolyte comp
• endocrine (EPO, renin, metabolites of VitD)

Question 3

what is GFR

Answer 3

rate fluid moves from plasma to glomerular filtrate

Question 4

how is GFR measured

Answer 4

the rate a substance is cleared from plasma - crea, inulin

Question 5

what affects GFR

Answer 5

renal perfusion and renal plasma flow

Question 6

define renal failure

Answer 6

decreased renal function due to decreasing no of functional nephrons

Question 7

define azotaemia

Answer 7

increase in non-protein nitrogenous compounds - usually urea ± crea

Question 8

define uraemia

Answer 8

clinical signs and biochem abnormalities ass w loss of functional nephrons

Question 9

signs of uraemia

Answer 9

d+, v+, anorexia, ulcerative stomatitis, GI haemorrhage (bruxism in ruminants)

Question 10

what is USG

Answer 10

measure of kidneys ability to conc urine

Question 11

what range = isosthenuric

Answer 11

1.008-1.012

Question 12

what range = hyposthenuric

Question 13

what range = conc

Answer 13

cat = 1.035
dog = 1.030

Question 14

what is haematuria

Answer 14

intact blood in urine

Question 15

what causes haematuria

Answer 15

trauma, cystitis, renal bleeding, GT bleeding

Question 16

what is haemoglobinuria

Answer 16

contents of RBC in urine

Question 17

causes of haemoglubinuria

Answer 17

haemolytic anaemia, decreased HCT

Question 18

what is myoglobinuria

Answer 18

muscle oxygen carrying protein in urine

Question 19

causes of myoglobinuria

Answer 19

severe muscle damage

Question 20

causes of bilirubin in urine

Answer 20

overspill into urine when levels increase in blood due to haemolytic anaemia, liver dz, gall bladder or bile duct obstruction (higher threshold in cats)

Question 21

what is GFR

Answer 21

rate fluid moves from plasma to glomerular filtrate

Question 22

how is GFR measured

Answer 22

the rate a substance is cleared from plasma - crea, inulin

Question 23

what affects GFR

Answer 23

renal perfusion and renal plasma flow

Question 24

define renal failure

Answer 24

decreased renal function due to decreasing no of functional nephrons

Question 25

define azotaemia

Answer 25

increase in non-protein nitrogenous compounds - usually urea ± crea

Question 26

define uraemia

Answer 26

clinical signs and biochem abnormalities ass w loss of functional nephrons

Question 27

signs of uraemia

Answer 27

d+, v+, anorexia, ulcerative stomatitis, GI haemorrhage (bruxism in ruminants)

Question 28

what is USG

Answer 28

measure of kidneys ability to conc urine

Question 29

what range = isosthenuric

Answer 29

1.008-1.012

Question 30

what range = hyposthenuric

Question 31

what range = conc

Answer 31

``` cat = 1.035 dog = 1.030 ```

Question 32

what is haematuria

Answer 32

intact blood in urine

Question 33

what causes haematuria

Answer 33

trauma, cystitis, renal bleeding, GT bleeding

Question 34

what is haemoglobinuria

Answer 34

contents of RBC in urine

Question 35

causes of haemoglubinuria

Answer 35

haemolytic anaemia, decreased HCT

Question 36

what is myoglobinuria

Answer 36

muscle oxygen carrying protein in urine

Question 37

causes of myoglobinuria

Answer 37

severe muscle damage

Question 38

causes of bilirubin in urine

Answer 38

overspill into urine when levels increase in blood due to haemolytic anaemia, liver dz, gall bladder or bile duct obstruction (higher threshold in cats)