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PAM Semester 2 > Diagnostics EKG Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Diagnostics EKG Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Resting heart electrical charge

A

-70

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2
Q

What is the (+) electrode

A

The “looker”

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3
Q

3 types of cardiac cells

A

Pacemaker cells: electrical power (sinus node)

Electrical conduction cells: wiring of heart

Myocardial cells: Machinery of heart

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4
Q

How long does it take to get from SA node to AV node

A

.04 sec

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5
Q

How long is pause at AV node

A

.1 sec

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6
Q

How long does it take for current to cross ventricles

A

.06 sec

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7
Q

Electrical current route of heart

A 
SA 
Atrium
AV
Bundle of His
Splits left and right

Left bundle Branch
Purkinje fibers

Right bundle branch
splits again into posterior/anterior fascicle

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8
Q

Sinus node rate

A

60-100

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9
Q

AV node rate

A

40-60

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10
Q

Bundle of his rate

A

40-60

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11
Q

Ventricles / purkinje fibers rate

A

30-45

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12
Q

Interval times

PR interval

A

0.12 - 0.20

Avg. = 0.18

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13
Q

Interval times

QRS duration

A

0.06 to 0.12

Avg. = 0.08

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14
Q

Interval times

QT interval

A

0.40 to 0.43 (less than half of R-R interval)

Avg. = 0.40

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15
Q

Interval times

ST interval

A

Avg. = 0.32

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16
Q

Segment times

ST Segment

A

0.08

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17
Q

Avg. HR

A

60-100

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18
Q

P wave time

A
  1. 04-0.12

2. 5mm

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19
Q

What is PR interval

A

Conduction pause of AV node

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20
Q

What does P wave represent

A

Atrial depolarization

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21
Q

What does QRS represent

A

Ventricular depolarization

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22
Q

What does T wave represent

A

Ventricular repolarization

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23
Q

Where is the Atrial repolarization on ECG

A

hidden in QRS

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24
Q

Difference between intervals and segments

A

Intervals include Wave

Segments do not

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25
Q

What does the flat line on the ecg represent

A

no electrical activity

26
Q

Lead I direction

A

Left to right

27
Q

Lead II direction

A

inferior to right

28
Q

Lead III Direction

A

Inferior to left

29
Q

AVF Direction

A

Inferior to heart

30
Q

AVL Direction

A

Left to Heart

31
Q

AVR Direction

A

Right to heart

32
Q

What orientation are precordial leads

A

anterior

33
Q

What are the inferior leads

A

II (+60)
III (+120)
AVF (+90)

34
Q

What are the Lateral leads

A

I (+0)
AVL (-30)
V5
V6

35
Q

What are the right sided leads

A

AVR (-150)

V1

36
Q

What are the anterior leads

A

V3

V4

37
Q

What are the septal leads

A

V3

V4

38
Q

What is a normal axis

A

0 - 90 degrees (positive)

39
Q

If there is a deviation, where is the problem

A

on the deviation side.

40
Q

What are deviation leads

A

I

AVF

41
Q

Causes of left axis deviation

A

Cause must be on left

ie. Left ventricular hypertrophy
Systemic hypertension
Aortic stenosis

42
Q

Causes of right axis deviation

A

Cause must be on right

ie. Right ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary artery hypertension
Uncorrected congenital heart disease

43
Q

RVH ECG findings

A

Right axis deviation

R wave larger than S wave in V1

S wave larger than R wave in V6

44
Q

LVH ECG findings

A

R wave in V5 or V6
plus the S wave in V1 or V2
Exceeds 35mm

R wave in V5 exceeds 26mm

R wave in V6 exceeds 20mm

R wave in V6 exceeds R wave in V5

45
Q

LVH ecg in limb leads

A

Any of these

R wave in lead AVL exceeds 11mm
R wave in lead AVF exceeds 20mm
R wave in lead I exceeds 13mm
R wave in lead I plus S wave in lead II exceeds 25mm

46
Q

Amplitude on ECG strip

A

2 large squares = 1 mV

One small square = 0.1 mV

One large square = 0.5 mV

47
Q

Time on ECG Strip

A

5 large squares = 1 sec

one small square = 0.04 sec

One large square = 0.2 sec

48
Q

Ways to assess rate on ecg

A

6 second strip, count complexes, mult by 10

Large squares = 300,150,100,75,60,50,43,38

count small boxes between complexes, divide by 1500

49
Q

ECG Analysis

A

Rate

Rhythm
Are p waves present
Are qrs narrow or wide (< or > 0.12)
Is there a P for every QRS
is the rhythm regular or irregular

Axis
Hypertrophy
intervals
infarction

50
Q

Rhythm (Reg/irr)

A

regular
irregular
regular irregular
irregular irregular

51
Q

Ectopic

A

originates elsewhere

52
Q

R-R Interval

A

0.6 - 1.0

53
Q

5 types of arrhythmias

A 
Sinus
Ectopic
reentrant
conduction blocks
preexcitation syndromes
54
Q

Sinus arrhythmias

A

Sinus Brady
Sinus Tach
Sinus arrhythmia
Sinus arrest, asystole, escape beat

55
Q

Ectopic rhythms

A

Sinus node 60 - 100

Atrial pacemakers 60-75

AV node / junction / bundle of His 40-60
if 60-100 its accelerated junction
If > 100 its junctional tachycardia

Ventricles (bundle Branch, purkinje fiber) 30-45
Vent escape beats 30-45
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 45-100
Ventricular tachycardia >100

56
Q

Junctional rhythms and p waves

A

no p wave in junctional rhythm

57
Q

A Fib

A

No p waves

atria is fibrillating

58
Q

A flutter

A

saw tooth

lots of P waves

59
Q

Carotid massage

A

Fool carotid baroreceptors into thinking blood pressure is rising

Vagal input decreases sinus node rate, slows conduction through AV node

can terminate AVNRT

can increase block rate of flutter to see waves more clearly

not diagnostic

can terminate AT

60
Q

Vagal maneuvers

A

Valsalva, squatting can raise blood pressure and stimulate vagal input to heart

Decreases SA node rate

Slows conduction through AV node

PAM Semester 2 (22 decks)

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