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NCLEX Review - GI > Diagnostics > Flashcards

Diagnostics Flashcards

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1
Q

Upper GI tract study (Barrium Swallow)

Description

A

examintation of the upper GI tract under fluoroscopy after client drinks barrium sulfate

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2
Q

Upper GI tract study (Barrium Swallow)

preprocedure

A

no food or drink 8 hours beforehand

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3
Q

Upper GI tract study (Barrium Swallow)

postprocdure

A

laxative maybe prescribed

increase oral intake

stools will be chaulky white for 24-72 hours

monitor for bowel obstruction

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4
Q

capsule endoscopy

description

A

wireless camera that client swallows that detects small bleeds or changes in SI

client wears a small receiver

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5
Q

capsule endoscopy

preprocedure

A

bowel prep prescribed - clear liquid diet night before

NPO for 3 hours before exam and after swallow

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6
Q

Gastric analysis

description

A

NG tube into stomach then contents are aspirated and analyzed for pH, appearance, volume

q15 min for 1 hour

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7
Q

Gastric analysis

procedure

A

q15 min for 1 hour

histamine or pentagastrin may be admin subQ to stim secretion

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8
Q

Gastric analysis

preprocedure

A

fasting for 12 hours before

no tobacco or gum chewing for 24 hours before

meds that stimulate gastric secretions are witheld for 24-48 hours

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9
Q

Gastric analysis

postprocedure

A

pt resumes normal activities

if samples not tested within 4 hours refrigerate

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10
Q

Upper GI endoscopy (esophago-gastro-duodeno-scopy)

description

A

scope from the esophagus to duodenum

viewing walls and can collect tissues

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11
Q

Upper GI endoscopy

Preprocedure

A

NPO 6-8 hours before

local anesthetic (spray or gargle) use

meds to reduce secretions and relax smooth muscle

pt on left side for saliva drainage and for scopy passage

airway patency and O2 monitored (keep emergency equipment on hand)

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12
Q

Upper GI endoscopy

postprocedure

A

monitor vitals

NPO until gag reflex returns 1-2 hours

monitor for signs of perforation (pain bleed elevated temp difficulty swallowing)

bed rest for sedated pts

treatments for sore throats

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13
Q

Fiberoptic colonoscopy

description

A

view lining of LI can take biopsies and polypectomies

cardiac and resp functions are monitored continuosly

pt on left side with knees to chest

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14
Q

Fiberoptic colonoscopy

preprocedure

A

adequate colon cleansing via clear liquid diet on the day before the test

NPO 4-6 hours before the test

moderate sedation IV

meds for smooth muscle relaxation

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15
Q

Fiberoptic colonoscopy

post procedure

A

monitor VS

bed rest until alert

monitor for signs of bowel perforations and peritonitis

passing gas, fullness, mild cramping is expected for several hours

report any bleeding to PCP

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16
Q

Laparoscopy

description

A

performed with fiberoptic Laparoscope allowing for direct visualiztion of organs and structures within abd

biopsies can be optained

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17
Q

endoscopic retrograde chol-angio-pancreato-graphy

description

A

examination of hepatobiliary system is performed via a flexibe endoscope inserted into the esophogaus to duodenum

if meds are used pt is monitoered for resp or CNS depresssion, hypotension (HoT), oversedation, and vomiting (V)

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18
Q

Are clients takign oral liquid bowel cleansing preperations or enemas at RF anything?

A

Yes

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances

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19
Q

signs of bowel perforations and peritonitis

A

abd guarding

elevated temp and chills

pallor

abd distention and pain

restlessness

TC and TP

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20
Q

endoscopic retrograde chol-angio-pancreato-graphy

preoperation

A

NPO 6-8 before

ask about contrast media allergies

moderate sedation used

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21
Q

endoscopic retrograde chol-angio-pancreato-graphy

post procedure

A

monitor VS, return of gag, perforation and peritonitis

22
Q

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatonprahy (MRCP)

Description

A

used of magnetic fields to visualize the billiary and pancreatic ducts in a noninvasive way

23
Q

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatonprahy (MRCP)

preoperation

A

same as ERCP

NPO for 6-8 before hand

ask about contrast media allergy

moderate sedation is used

24
Q

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatonprahy (MRCP)

postprocedure

A

same as ERCP

monitor VS, return of gag reflex, pertonitis, perferation

25
Q

Endoscopic ultrasoundography

description

A

images the wall of the GI and digestive organs

26
Q

Endoscopic ultrasoundography

pre and post procedure

A

care is similar to that of an endoscopy

27
Q

what should be monitored for after an endoscopy?

A

the return of the gag reflex

increase risk of asperation

do not give anything by mouth

28
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

Description

A

noninvasive cross dimensional view that can detect tissue densities in the abd such as the liver spleen pancreas and biliary tree

can be done with or without contrast

29
Q

CT preprocedure

A

NPO for 4 hours

assess for allergies if contrast is being used

30
Q

CT postprocedure

A

none

31
Q

Paracentesis procedure

A

Get informed consent

get VS and weight

pt is upright

monitor VS (**BP and puslse–>can point to vasodilation paracentecesis) and comfort pt

Dress the puncture site

measure fluid removed

Document

32
Q

Paracentesis Postprocedure

A

Monitor VS, and for hypovolemia, electolyte loss, mental status changes, encephalopathy, and hematuria

Measure Fluid collected and send to lab

use dry sterile dressing

measure abd girth and weight

33
Q

The rapid removal of fluid from the abd cavity during paracentesis can cause what

A

decreased abd pressure

causes vasodilation and results in shock

monitor HR and BP closely

34
Q

Liver Biopsy

Description

A

needle insertion into the abd wall to obtain a tissue sample for biopsy and microscopic examination

35
Q

Liver Biopsy

Preprocedure

A

Assess coagulatoin studies (PT, PTT, platelet counts)

admin sedative as prescribed

pt is placed in supine or left lateral to expose right side of upper abd

36
Q

Liver Biopsy

postprocedure

A

assess VS and biopsy site for bleeding

monitor for pertonitis

maintain bed rest for several hours

place pt on right side with pillows under the costal margin for 2 hours to lower RF bleeding and tell them to avoid coughing or straining

tell them to avoid heavy lifting or heavy exersice

37
Q

Stool specimens

descriptions

A

inpection for consistancy, color and occult blood

feacal urobilinogen, fat, N2, parasites, food,

Quantitative samples must be refrigerated if tested at 24-72 hours

some tests require specific diets

38
Q

Urea breath test

description

A

detects precence of H. pylori that causes peptic ulcer disease

can also be tested by blood test

39
Q

Urea breath test

procedure

A

pt eats capsule of carbon labled urea and gives a breath sample at 10 -20 min later

40
Q

Urea breath test

what to avoid

A

antibiotics (ATB) and bismuth subsalysalate need to be avoided for 1 month before hand

sucralfate and omeprazole for 1 week

cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine and nizatidine for 24 hours

41
Q

esophageal pH testing for GERD

A

to diagnose or evaluate treatment of GERD

probe through nose and into esophagus and pH is tested over 24-48 hours

42
Q

Liver and pancreas lab studies

tests what

A

AST

ALT

ALP

PTT

Ammonia NH3

Cholesterol

bilirubin

amylase

lypase

43
Q

normal ALP

A

38 - 126 U/L

44
Q

normal AST

A

0-35 U/L

45
Q

normal ALT

A

4-36 U/L

46
Q

normal PTT

A

11 - 12.5 sec

47
Q

normal ammonia

A

10 - 80 mcg/dL

48
Q

normal cholesterol

A

< 200 mg/dL

49
Q

normal bilirubin

total

indirect

direct

A
  1. 3 - 1.0
  2. 2 - 0.8
  3. 1 - 0.3

mg/dL

50
Q

normal amylase

A

60-120 somogyi units/dL — 100 - 300 U/L

51
Q

normal lipase

A

0-160 U/L

NCLEX Review - GI (19 decks)

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