Diagnostic Testing and Imaging - working

Question 1

Holter Monitor Indications

Answer 1

Detect/assess for arrhythmia or determine effectiveness of anti-arrhythmia

Question 2

PT Implications of a Holter Monitor

Answer 2

• Encourage symptom reporting
• Know the results from wearing monitor and change treatment plan accordingly
• Keep cell phones away from Holter monitor (potential for interference)

Question 3

ECHO

Answer 3

U/s that detects abnormal cardiac anatomy (size, thickness, function of valves, volumes, SV/EF) and provides info about blood flow.

Question 4

What are the types of ECHO?

Answer 4

• Surface or transthoracic
• transesophageal (TEE)
• Stress
• 3-D
• Contrast

Question 5

Why would a patient need a tranesophageal echo?

Answer 5

to provide better image quality (obesity, chest deformities, pulmonary disease)

Question 6

When is a transesophageal echo contraindicated?

Answer 6

• Dysphagia
• Risk of bleeds/breathing problems

Question 7

What information does a contrast echo provide?

Answer 7

assessment of aortic stenosis, pulmonary vein flow analysis, myocardial perfusion/ventricular chambers

Question 8

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

Answer 8

Determines blood flow/area of underperfusion; tissue viability

Question 9

Is a PET scan able to determine quality of movement of cardiac tissue?

Answer 9

NO

Question 10

Aingle-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Answer 10

Measures cardiac metabolism and blood flow in heart; detects and quanifies myocardial perfusion and contraction defects, determines EF, contractility defects, ventricular volumes, regional function

Question 11

Radionuclide Perfusion (Nuclear Stress Test)

Answer 11

Measures cardiac function (rest and post-stress ino on myocardial perfusion, viability, and global/regional LV systolic function, presence/absence of viable tissue, ongoing CP, diagnose CAD, observe post-MI damage, blood flow, post-revascularization procedures, assess for scar tissue.)

Question 12

MRI

Answer 12

Assesses cardiac anatomy and congenital malformations, masses/thrombi, cardiac morphology, valvular disease, cardiac shunts, cardiac blood flow, and coronary artery anatomy

Question 13

MRI angiography

Answer 13

Looks at blood vessels to assess for aneurysm, dissection or CAD

Question 14

Coronary angiography

Answer 14

X-ray exam of vasculature or chambers to assess for CAD, ventricular defects, and valvular heart disease.

Question 15

If a patient has a left side coronary angiography - where is the catheter inserted?

Answer 15

Femoral, Radial or Brachial artery.

Question 16

If a patient has a right side coronary angiography - where is the catheter inserted?

Answer 16

External Jugular/Cubital Veins

Question 17

Potential complications of Coronary angiography

Answer 17

• Serious bleeding
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Kidney failure

Question 18

CT/CAT

Answer 18

X-ray of bones, blood, vessels, and soft tissue.
Can diagnose blood vessel disorders and cardiac conditions.

Aneurysms, blockages, blood clots, congenital abnormalities, disorganized vasculature, vessel rupture or tears

Question 19

CT for Cardiac Calcium Scan

Answer 19

Speacial X-ray sensitive to Ca to produce pictures of the coronary arteries to detect narrowing/blockages.

Question 20

Doppler

Answer 20

Non-invasive imaging that estimates blood flow by bouncing sound waves off RBC to diagnose DVT, blockages in arteries, and locate aneurysms.

Question 21

Mutated Acquisition Scan (MUGA)

Answer 21

video of blood movement that determines if the heart is pumping properly and blood flow is correct.

Shows: abnormalities in size of chambers and movement of blood and ejection fraction.