Diagnostic Testing Flashcards
Sensitivity
Ability to detect small quantities of measured component
Rule of disease (if negative)
Specificity
Ability to measure solely component of interest
Rule in disease (if positive)
Accuracy
How close it is to accepted value
Precision
Ability to reproduce
Hyponatremia causes
D/V
Meds
Excess water intake
Burns
Hyponatremia symptoms
Confusion Nausea Cramps Fatigue Seizures
Hypokalemia causes
D/V
Diuretics
Renal disease
Hypokalemia symptoms
Cardiac arrhtyhmias
Muscle cramping
What meds can cause hyponatremia?
Diruetics
SSRIs
Hyperkalemia causes
Renal failure
Excessive intake
Ace inhibitors
Aldosterone antagonists
Hyperkalemia symptoms
Cardiac arrhythmias
Muscle weakness
High CO2 causes
Hypoventilation
Lung disase
Low CO2 causes
Chronic renal failure
Ketoacidosis
Addison’s disease
Hyperventilation
Symptoms of CO2p
Dependent on cause or timing of onset
BUN
Product of protein catabolism
High BUN
Dehydration
Low BUN
Malnutrition
Low creatinine
Cachexia
High creatinine
Renal dysfunction
Dehydration
Creatinine
Product of muscle breakdown
Marker of renal function
Hyperglycemia causes
Diabetes
Corticosteroids
Cushings disease
Extreme stress
Hyperglycemia symptoms
Depends on severity
Hypoglycemia causes
Diabetes
Meds
Hypoglycemia symptoms
Sweating, tremor, hunger
Hypocalceima causes
Dietary deficiency
Hypoparathyroidism
Vit D deficiency
Hypocalcemia symptoms
Paresthesias around mouth
Muscle cramping
Tetany
Seizures
Hypercalcemia causes
Hyperparathyroidism
Paget’s disease
Hypercalcemia symptoms
Renal insufficiency
Nephrolithiasis
Constipation
High AST/ALT
Liver injury or inflammation
Many causes
Hyperalbuminemia causes
Dehydration
High protein
Hypoalbuminema causes
Liver disease
Loss of bowels or kidneys
Malnutrition
Hypoalbuminemia symptoms
Edema
Alkaline phosphatase
Found mostly in liver and bones
High alkaline phophstase
Liver disease
Increased bone turnover
High during pregnancy, growth
Low alkaline phosphatase
Malnutrition
Wilsons disase
False + pregnancy test
Recent miscarriage
Medications
False - pregnancy
Testing too early
False + ovulation
Irregular cycles
PCOS
Fertility meds
False - ovulation
LH surge outside of time tested
Small ketones
Re test in few hours
Moderate to large ketones
Contact provider or medical attention
Glucose false +
Ascorbic acid
B lactam
Levodopa
Salicylates
UTI - test
Still see provider
Leukocytes +
Might not have been clean catch
False positive in fecal occult blood testing
- aspirin or NSAIDs
- iron
- red meat
- vitamin C
- certain fruits and veggies
HIV false -
If before 3 months after risk
PT/INR testing?
Warfarin
Warfarin cutoff to be confirmed with blood test
> 4.5
