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PT: Nutrition Exam 1 > Childhood And Adolescent Nutrition > Flashcards

Childhood And Adolescent Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Preadolescent years

A
  • moderate growth rate
  • nutrient requirements important: lay down reserves in preparation for adolescent growth spurt
  • eating habits influenced by peer pressure more than parent’s
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2
Q

Adolescent nutrition requirements

A
  • increase markedly

- protein available for growth ONLY if total energy needs are met by diet

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3
Q

Adolescent growth spurt

A

Physiological growth stage (Tanner staging) vs chronological age best indicator for establishing requirements

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4
Q

T/F skeletal growth continues longer in females than males

A

False! Longer in males

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5
Q

_% of skeletal mass is formed during adolescence

A

45%

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6
Q

Why should iron requirements increase for adolescents?

A
  • increased blood volume, hemoglobin, myoglobin synthesis

- onset of menses

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7
Q

Assessing diets in adolescents

A
  • adequacy and content of calorie intake
  • balance food/beverages from food groups
  • evaluate eating patterns
  • consider intake of specific nutrients
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8
Q

What should you watch for in calorie intake in adolescents?

A
  • increase discretionary calories

- decrease fruit and veggies

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9
Q

What eating patterns should you look for in adolescents?

A
  • breakfast
  • consumption of foods away from home
  • increase % of calories from snacks, sweetened beverages and nutrient sparse foods
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10
Q

How should you estimate calories?

A

EER: based on height, weight, age and physical activity

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11
Q

DRI calcium 9-18 years old

A

1,300 mg/day

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12
Q

T/F 14-18 year old men require more iron than women

A

False! Women require more (menses)

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13
Q

Nutritional concerns in adolescents

A
  • malnutrition & poverty
  • growth spurt onset
  • food fads, vitamins, athletes
  • pregnancy
  • eating disorders
  • overweight/obesity
  • hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease
  • bone mineralization and osteoporosis
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14
Q

Poverty and malnutrition in adolescents

A
  • poor nutrition and cognitive function
  • reduction in potential brain growth or CNS development
  • poor performance on measures of cognitive ability
  • malnourished children unprepared to benefit age appropriate educational experiences
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15
Q

An estimate __% of teens engage in some type of abnormal eating

A

20%

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16
Q

__% of high school girls have been diagnosed with an ED

A

5%

17
Q

Possible characteristics of ED in adolescents

A
  • thin/ideal
  • family pressure
  • high achiever
  • unrealistic expectations
18
Q

Dental health in adolescens

A
  • cariogenic bacteria present in some foods
  • fluoride
  • consistent brushing
  • flossing
19
Q

Assessing growth in adolescents

A
  • CDC growth charts

- BMI percentile (not BMI as for adults)

20
Q

BMI percentiles 5-84%

A

healthy weight

21
Q

BMI percentiles 85-94%

A

overweight

22
Q

BMI percentiles 95-98%

A

obese

23
Q

BMI percentiles >99%

A

obese with increased risk

24
Q

Health consequences of obesity

A
  • cardiovascular disease
  • T2D
  • HTN
  • orthopedic related issues
  • sleep apnea
  • gall bladder disease or non-alcoholic steathohepatitis (NASH) or fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
25
Q

Treatment of pediatric obestiy

A
  • multidisciplinary
  • comprehensive
  • formal behavior modification
  • family based
26
Q

AAP 5-2-0-1 for pediatrics

A

5 servings fruits/veggies
2 hours screen time
0 no sugar beverages
1 hour play

27
Q

What have been associated with degree of early atherosclerotic changes, carotid intimamedia thickness?

A

childhood lipid and BP levels

28
Q

Children at risk for T2D

A
  • family history
  • American Indian, African american, hispanic, asian
  • BMI >85th%
  • acanthuses nicrigans (related to insulin resistance); staging 1-2-3-4
29
Q

Treatment of T2D in children

A
  • insulin and oral agents
  • physical activity
  • medical nutrition therapy
  • family therapy
  • behavior modificaiton
30
Q

AHA recommended eating pattern for familes

A
  • calories adequate to support growth
  • low sat fat, trans fat, cholesterol, salt
  • variety of foods
  • eat only enough to maintain healthy weight
  • 60 min physical activity
  • whole-grains/high fiber
  • variety of fruits and veggies
  • limit juice
  • regularly serve fish (avoid fried)
  • fat free and low fat dairy
  • don’t overfeed

PT: Nutrition Exam 1 (12 decks)

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