Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COPD > Diagnostic Mechanisms > Flashcards

Diagnostic Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

What does it show on a CXR with COPD?

A

enlarged lungs( > 6 anterior ribs or >10 posterior ribs), air pockets (bullae), a flattened diaphragm or a hyper lucent lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the benefit of a CT scan over a CXR in those with emphysema?

A

It measures the extent of the emphysema within the lungs and also the enlarged arteries in the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What pulmonary function test is used in patients with COPD?

A

Spirometry -> measures how much air you can move by taking a deep breath in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What other tests can be used?

A

ABG, which measures how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are present in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is seen on a chest x-ray with chronic bronchitis?

A

broncho vascular markings and cardiomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is seen on a CRX with emphysema?

A

flattened diaphragms, small heart and possible bullous changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is seen on a CT with chronic bronchitis?

A

Bronchial wall thickening, enlarged vessels, repeated inflammation -> scarring with broncho vascular irregularity and fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is seen on a CT scan with an individual with emphysema?

A

diagnosed by alveolar septal destruction and airspace enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the FVC?

A

The total volume of air that the patient can exhale in one breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the FEV1?

A

The amount of air that the patient can exhale in the first second.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to the FEV1 in COPD?

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the typical FEV1/FVC ratio in COPD?

A

<0.7 after bronchodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the TLC?

A

total lung capacity - volume of air contained in the lung after full inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the residual volume?

A

volume of air left in the lung after full exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the functional residual capacity?

A

volume of gas left in the lungs after a tidal breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What diagnostic mechanism is the best way to calculate lung volumes for COPD?

A

body plethysmography

17
Q

What happens to the RV in COPD patients?

A

Increases - causing trapping of the air in the lung

18
Q

what happens to the TLC

A

Increases due to elastic recoil allowing the lungs to stretch to abnormal volumes

19
Q

What is DLCO?

A

Measure of how easily carbon monoxide molecules transfer from the alveolar gas to the haemoglobin of the red cells in the pulmonary circulation.

20
Q

How is DLCO measured?

A

The patient inhales a single breath containing a minute amount of CO and holds it for 10 seconds, breath is then exhaled and analysed for CO

21
Q

How is the DLCO calculated?

A

Concentration of the CO is multiplied by the single breath TLC to calculate the DLCO

22
Q

When the level of DLCO should the patient undergo oximetry during exercise to determine in oxygen is required?

A

<55%

COPD (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions