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Microbiology Unit 3 > Diagnostic Immunology (Serology) (BE #6) > Flashcards

Diagnostic Immunology (Serology) (BE #6) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ID the 3 major methods for identifying the etiologic agent of an infectious disease.

A
  1. phenotypic - physical characteristics
  2. genotype - genetic probes, PCR to ID DNA sequence
  3. immunological (serological)
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2
Q

What 3 things to phenotypic methods employ?

A
  1. cell morphology (under a microscope)
  2. colony morphology (on agar plates)
  3. physiology (biochemical tests on selective/differential media)
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3
Q

A bacterial species is found to be an acid-fast G(+) rod. Which method was employed to obtain this information?

A

phenotypic

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4
Q

Which method uses genetic probes and PCR to identify specific DNA sequences?

A

genotypic

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5
Q

Which method involves testing the patient’s blood or other body fluids for antibodies against the pathogen?

A

immunlogical

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6
Q

What 2 things can serological diagnostic methods test for in body fluids?

A
  1. antigen (Ag)

2. antbody (Ab)

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7
Q

If you are testing for the presence of antibody (Ab) in body fluids, then you must add __________ to the patient’s sample.

A

antigen

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8
Q

If you are testing for the presence of antigen (Ag) in body fluids, then you must add
________ to the patient’s sample.

A

antibody

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9
Q

titer

A

quantitative results from serological testing are expressed as a titer.

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10
Q

precipitation/gel electrophoresis

A
  • Ag and Ab diffuse from opposite sides of a gel
  • a precipitin line forms where they meet and bind
  • an electrical current speeds diffusion
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11
Q

agglutination

A
  • Antibody is attached to a latex bead

- Ab- Ag binding causes visible clumping

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12
Q

hemagglutination

A
  • Ab is on a red blood cell
  • Ab - Ag binding causes visible clumping of rbi’s
  • used for blood typing
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13
Q

complement fixation

A
  • Ab-Ag binding facilitates fixation of complement

- red blood cells are used as an indicator

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14
Q

immunofluorescence assay

A
  • Ab or Ag has a fluorescent tag

- Ab-Ag binding is then visible under a UV light

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15
Q

radioimmunoassay

A

Ab or Ag has a radioactive tag

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16
Q

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A
  • Ab or Ag has an enzyme tag
  • Ab-Ag binding allows enzyme to cleave its substrate
  • immunochromatographic
17
Q

Western blot

A

proteins separated using gel electrophoresis, then blotted onto filter & inoculated with patients serum

18
Q

lateral flow test

A
  • immunoassay in a dipstick format
  • immunochormatographic
  • pregnancy test
19
Q

complement fixation: + result

A

Ab-Ag binding facilitates fixation of complement

- red blood cells are not lysed

20
Q

complement fixation: - result

A
  • Ab and Ab do not bind

- unfixed or free complement causes lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis)

21
Q

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (+ result)

ELISA

A

Ab-Ag binding allows enzyme to cleave its substrate

color change is visible

22
Q

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (- result)

A

Ab and Ag do not bind
enzyme is not able to cleave its substrate
no color change is visible

23
Q

Why is viral culture not a viable option for influenza testing?

A

expensive & takes too long

24
Q

ID 2 benefits for influenza testing

A
  1. cuts down on prescribing unnecessary antibiotics

2. patients can start antiviral drugs earlier

25
Q

Identify the method employed.
QuickVue Influenza Test
3M Rapid Detection Flu A+B test

A
  1. lateral flow (color change)

2. immunofluorescence

26
Q

In both the QuickVue & 3M Rapid Detection Influenza tests, what part of the virus serves as the antigen?

A

viral nucleic acid - not the capsid

27
Q

Why is it important that strep throat infections not be left untreated?

A

can lead to development of rheumatic fever, which can lead to heart complications.

28
Q

The Streptococcus pyogenes rapid detection test detects ________ in the patient’s sample.

A

antigen

29
Q

What is the most common screening test for HIV?

A

ELISA

30
Q

ELISA detects the presence of _______ in the patient’s sample.

A

antibody

31
Q

What test is used as a follow up confirmatory test?

A

Western blot

Microbiology Unit 3 (7 decks)

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