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PCM 3 Midterm > Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

How does ultrasound work?

A

High frequency sound waves to generate image

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2
Q

3 pros to ultrasound?

A

Cheap, no radiation, and non invasive

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3
Q

What is the FAST exam and what is it looking for?

A

Bedside US for trauma. Looking for free fluid in body.

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4
Q

What are the 4 primary views for a FAST exam?

A

Under xiphoid, RUQ, LUQ, suprapubic

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5
Q

What are the 5 Radiographic densities and what do you see in each one?

A 
Black is air
Dark Gray is fat
Light Gray is soft tissue
Off White is mineral
Bright White is metal
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6
Q

What are the 2 contrast substances for GI?

A

Barium and gastrograffin

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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of barium?

A

Very minimal. N/V

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8
Q

What is decreased the cost of X ray and what are three cons to X-ray?

A

Digital x rays. 2d, soft tissue no good, and radiation exposure.

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9
Q

What is fluoroscopy and what is 1 pro of it?

A

Real time X ray, continuous x ray, movie x ray. Decreased radiation.

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10
Q

How does she describe CT?

A

X ray on steroids

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11
Q

When to not use CT with contrast?

A

Bleeds or renal issues

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12
Q

What is the big deal about MRI, what can we see really well?

A

Soft tissue

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13
Q

Difference between T1 and T2 MRI relaxation times?

A

T1 is longitudinal and T2 is transverse

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14
Q

What are we truing to see with T1 vs. T2?

A

T1 we are trying to see anatomy and T2 we are trying to see pathology

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15
Q

Is water/collagenous tissue highlighter on T1 or T2?

A

T2

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16
Q

What is the contrast called that is used with MRI and is it used with T1 or T2?

A

Gadolinium. T1

17
Q

What is a condition that can be caused by Gadolinium?

A

Contrast induced ARF

18
Q

What is a patient population that is at risk for serious adverse effects from contrast and what is the syndrome called?

A

Renal patients. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

19
Q

What is the 1 clinical sign of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and what area of the body is spared?

A

Hardening of skin. Spares the head.

20
Q

What pro does US and MRI have in common?

A

No radiation

21
Q

What do we always need to think about with women and imaging?

A

Find out if they are pregnant or not

22
Q

What is the contrast used in IV?

A

Iodine based

23
Q

What serum creatinine level makes us pause before giving contrast?

A

1.5 or greater

24
Q

What are critical days of pregnancy that are no no for radiation and contrast?

A

16-45

25
Q

What medication are we worried about with contrast and radiation and what can it lead to?

A

Metformin. Lactic acidosis

26
Q

3 types of reactions to contrast?

A

Hypersensitivity, chemotoxic, vasovagal (watch out for the heart because of too much vagus)

27
Q

Top 3 best uses of CT with contrast?

A

Vessels, tissue changes, Urinary Tract

PCM 3 Midterm (9 decks)

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