Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards
How does ultrasound work?
High frequency sound waves to generate image
3 pros to ultrasound?
Cheap, no radiation, and non invasive
What is the FAST exam and what is it looking for?
Bedside US for trauma. Looking for free fluid in body.
What are the 4 primary views for a FAST exam?
Under xiphoid, RUQ, LUQ, suprapubic
What are the 5 Radiographic densities and what do you see in each one?
Black is air Dark Gray is fat Light Gray is soft tissue Off White is mineral Bright White is metal
What are the 2 contrast substances for GI?
Barium and gastrograffin
What are the adverse effects of barium?
Very minimal. N/V
What is decreased the cost of X ray and what are three cons to X-ray?
Digital x rays. 2d, soft tissue no good, and radiation exposure.
What is fluoroscopy and what is 1 pro of it?
Real time X ray, continuous x ray, movie x ray. Decreased radiation.
How does she describe CT?
X ray on steroids
When to not use CT with contrast?
Bleeds or renal issues
What is the big deal about MRI, what can we see really well?
Soft tissue
Difference between T1 and T2 MRI relaxation times?
T1 is longitudinal and T2 is transverse
What are we truing to see with T1 vs. T2?
T1 we are trying to see anatomy and T2 we are trying to see pathology
Is water/collagenous tissue highlighter on T1 or T2?
T2
What is the contrast called that is used with MRI and is it used with T1 or T2?
Gadolinium. T1
What is a condition that can be caused by Gadolinium?
Contrast induced ARF
What is a patient population that is at risk for serious adverse effects from contrast and what is the syndrome called?
Renal patients. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
What is the 1 clinical sign of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and what area of the body is spared?
Hardening of skin. Spares the head.
What pro does US and MRI have in common?
No radiation
What do we always need to think about with women and imaging?
Find out if they are pregnant or not
What is the contrast used in IV?
Iodine based
What serum creatinine level makes us pause before giving contrast?
1.5 or greater
What are critical days of pregnancy that are no no for radiation and contrast?
16-45
