Diagnostic foundation

Question 1

The law of parsimony

Answer 1

a principle according to which an explanation of a thing or event is made with the fewest possible assumptions

simple

Question 2

Most common complication of a lumbar puncture

Answer 2

headache

Question 3

A lumbar puncture is indicated for the following

Answer 3

1 suspicion of meningitis
2 a subarachnoid
hemorrhage,
3 CNS disease
4 for therapeutic relief of pseudotumor
cerebri

Question 3

The most common
means for obtaining a sample of CSF is through

Answer 3

a lumbar puncture

Question 4

lumbar puncture
should be deferred in those with a

Answer 4

low platelet count or with other coagulation deficits

Question 5

irritation of nerves or nerve roots by the spinal needle can cause different
lower extremity _______.

Answer 5

Dysesthesia

Question 6

The electroencephalogram (EEG) provides

Answer 6

provides a record of the electrical activity of the cerebral
cortex

Question 6

The most serious complication of lumbar puncture

Answer 6

cerebral herniation

Question 7

Alpha is the frequency range from
typically found…

Answer 7

is the frequency range from 8 Hz to 12 Hz

an adult is awake but relaxed

Question 8

Theta is the frequency range from
typically found …

Answer 8

4 to 7 Hz

young children, drowsiness or arousal in older children and adults, meditation

Question 9

Delta is the frequency range up to
typically found …

Answer 9

3

adults in slow wave sleep, babies

Question 10

• Most likely condition after a lumbar puncture -

RBC - no xanthochromia
RBC - xanthochromia

Answer 10

-Traumatic tap
-Subarachmoid hemorrhage; hemorrhagic
encephalitis

Question 10

Beta is the frequency range from
typically found ….

Answer 10

12 - 30 Hz

active, busy, anxious thinking, active concentration

Question 11

• Most likely condition after a lumbar puncture -

WBC - polymorphs
WBC - lymphocytes

Answer 11

-bacterial or early viral infection
-infection, demyelination, lymphoma

Question 12

• Most likely condition after a lumbar puncture -

elevated protein
low glucose

Answer 12

• infection, demyelination, tumors, sarcoidosis, age
• bacterial infection, mycobacterial infection

Question 13

• Most likely condition after a lumbar puncture -

oligoclonal bands
positive EBV PCR

Answer 13

-demyelination, CNS infections, noninfectious processes
- highly suggestive of CNS lymphoma in pt with AIDS or other immunosuppressed states

Question 14

• NCV study -

Distal latency

demyelination vs axonal

Answer 14

D: markedly prolonged
A: normal or mildly prolonged

Question 15

• NCV study -

Conduction velocity

Demy vs axon

Answer 15

D: markedly reduced
A: normal or slightly slowed

Question 16

• NCV study -

Compound muscle action amplitude

Dem vs axon

Answer 16

D: normal or mildy reduced
A: reduced

Question 17

There is typically a total of about __ mL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at
any given time in the nervous system, and it is produced at a constant rate of about __
mL/minute.

Answer 17

150
.5

Question 18

Nuclear medicine imaging technique that
produces a three-dimensional image or picture of functional processes in the body

Answer 18

PET scan

Question 19

Uses blood flow as a contrast agent and MR technique to define vascular anatomy

Answer 19

MRS

Question 20

Involves threading a catheter up the aorta (usually from the
femoral artery) and placing the tip of the catheter within different sites of the cerebral
vasculature – and then injecting a dye such as iodine

Answer 20

Conventional Angiography

Question 21

What can occur from contaminated spinal needles

Answer 21

Cellulitis, skin abscesses, epidural abscesses, spinal abscesses, or diskitis