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[MT] Lesson 2: Pharmacology, the Integumentary System, and the Musculoskeletal System > Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures > Flashcards

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Culture and Sensitivity (C and S)

A

Laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area in order to identify the specific infecting bacteria and then determine its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics

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2
Q

Biopsy (BX, bx)

A

Piece of tissue removed by syringe and needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope. Used to aid in diagnosis

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3
Q

Exfoliative Cytology

A

Scraping cells from tissue and then examining them under a microscope

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4
Q

Frozen Section (FS)

A

Thin piece of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for rapid examination under a microscope

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5
Q

Fungal Scrapings

A

Scrapings, taken with a curette or scraper, of tissue from lesions are placed on a growth medium and examined under a microscope to identify fungal growth

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6
Q

Allograft

A

Skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver. Also called ‘homograft.’

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7
Q

Autograft

A

Skin graft form a person’s own body

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8
Q

Dermatome

A

Instrument for cutting the skin or thin transplants of skin

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9
Q

Dermatoplasty

A

Skin grafting; transplantation of skin

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10
Q

Skin Graft (SG)

A

Transfer of skin from a normal area to cover another site. Used to treat burn victims and after some surgical procedures. Also called ‘dermatoplasty.’

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11
Q

Xengraft

A

Skin graft from an animal of another species (usually a pig) to a human. Also called ‘heterograft.’

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12
Q

Cauterization

A

Destruction of tissue by using caustic chemicals, electric currents, heat, or by freezing

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13
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue

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14
Q

Curettage

A

Removal of superficial skin lesions with a curette (surgical instrument shaped like a spoon) or scraper

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15
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound

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16
Q

Electrocautery

A

To destroy tissue with an electric current

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17
Q

Incision and Drainage (I and D)

A

Making an incision to create an opening for the drainage of material such as pus

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18
Q

Onychectomy

A

Removal of a nail

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19
Q

Chemabrasion

A

Abrasion using chemicals. Also called a ‘chemical peel.’

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20
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Abrasion or rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper. Performed to remove acne scars, tattoos, and scar tissue.

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21
Q

Laser Therapy

A

Removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using a laser beam that emits intense heat and power at a close range. The laser converts frequencies of light into one small, powerful beam

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22
Q

Liposuction

A

Removal of fat beneath the skin by means of suction

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23
Q

Rhytidectomy

A

Surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles. Commonly referred to as a ‘face lift.’

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24
Q

Arthrogram

A

X-ray record of a joint; usually taken after the joint has been injected by a contrast medium

25
Q

Arthrography

A

Process of x-raying a joint; usually after injection of a contrast medium in the joint space

26
Q

Bone Scan

A

Nuclear medicine procedure in which the patient is given a radioactive dye and then scanning equipment is used to visualize bones. It is especially useful in identifying stress fractures, observing progress of treatment for osteomyelitis, and locating cancer metastases to the bone

27
Q

Dual-Energy Absorptiometry (DXA)

A

Measurement of bone density using low-dose x-ray for the purpose of detecting osteporosis

28
Q

Myelography

A

Study of the spinal column after injecting opaque contrast material; particularly useful in identifying herniated nucleus pulposus pinching a spinal nerve

29
Q

Radiography

A

Diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to study the internal structure of the body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

30
Q

Arthroscope

A

Instrument used to view inside a joint

31
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Examination of the interior of a joint by entering the joint with an arthroscope. The arthroscope contains a small television camera that allows the physician to view the interior of the joint on a monitor during the procedure. Some joint conditions can be repaired during arthroscopy

32
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Involves the insertion of a needle into the joint cavity in order to remove or aspirate fluid. May be done to remove excess fluid from a joint or to obtain fluid for examination

33
Q

Orthotic

A

Orthopedic appliance, such as a brace or splint, used to prevent or correct deformities

34
Q

Prosthesis

A

Artificial device used as a substitute for a body part that is either congenitally missing or absent as a result of accident or disease. An example would be an artificial leg

35
Q

Amputation

A

Partial or complete removal of a limb for a variety of reasons, including tumors, gangrene, intractable pain, crushing injury, or uncontrollable infection

36
Q

Arthroclasia

A

To forcibly break loose a fused joint while the patient is under anesthetic. Fusion is usually caused by the buildup of scar tissue or adhesions

37
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Procedure to stabilize a joint by fusing the bones together

38
Q

Arthroscopic Surgery

A

Performing a surgical procedure while using an arthroscope to view the internal structure, such as a joint

39
Q

Arthrotomy

A

Surgical procedure that cuts into a joint capsule

40
Q

Bone Graft

A

Piece of bone taken from the patient used to take the place of a removed bone or a bony defect at another site

41
Q

Bunionectomy

A

Removal of the bursa at the joint of the great toe

42
Q

Bursectomy

A

Surgical removal of a bursa

43
Q

Chondrectomy

A

Surgical removal of cartilage

44
Q

Chondroplasty

A

Surgical repair of cartilage

45
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical procedure that cuts into the skull

46
Q

Laminectomy

A

Removal of the vertebral posterior arch to correct severe back problems and pain caused by compression of a spinal nerve

47
Q

Osteoclasia

A

Surgical procedure involving the intentional breaking of a bone to correct a deformity

48
Q

Osteotome

A

Instrument used to cut bone

49
Q

Osteotomy

A

Surgical procedure that cuts into a bone

50
Q

Percutaneous Diskectomy

A

A thin catheter tube is inserted into the intervertebral disk through the skin and the herniated or ruptured disk material is sucked out or a laser is used to vaporize it

51
Q

Spinal Fusion

A

Surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae. This may be done for several reasons, including correction for a herniated disk

52
Q

Synovectomy

A

Surgical removal of the synovial membrane

53
Q

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)

A

Surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a prosthetic or artificial hip joint. Also called ‘total hip replacement (THR).’

54
Q

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)

A

Surgical reconstruction of a knee joint by implanting a prosthetic knee joint. Also called ‘total knee replacement (TKR).’

55
Q

Cast

A

Application of a solid material to immobilize an extremity or portion of the body as a result of a fracture, dislocation, or severe injury. It may be made of plaster of Paris or fiberglass

56
Q

Fixation

A

Procedure to stabilize a fractured bone while it heals
External fixation: includes casts, splints, and pin
inserted through the skin

Internal fixation: includes pins, plates, rods, screws,
and wires that are applied during an open reduction

57
Q

Reduction

A

Correcting a fracture by realigning the bone fragments
Closed Reduction: doing this manipulation without
entering the body

Open Reduction: the process of making a surgical
incision at the site of the fracture to do the reduction.
This is necessary when bony fragments need to be r
removed or ‘internal fixation’ such as plates or pins
are required

58
Q

Traction

A

Applying a pulling force on a fractured or dislocated limb or the vertebral column in order to restore normal alignment

[MT] Lesson 2: Pharmacology, the Integumentary System, and the Musculoskeletal System (12 decks)

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