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[MT] Lesson 2: Pharmacology, the Integumentary System, and the Musculoskeletal System > Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures > Flashcards

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Culture and Sensitivity (C and S)

A

Laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area in order to identify the specific infecting bacteria and then determine its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics

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2
Q

Biopsy (BX, bx)

A

Piece of tissue removed by syringe and needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope. Used to aid in diagnosis

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3
Q

Exfoliative Cytology

A

Scraping cells from tissue and then examining them under a microscope

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4
Q

Frozen Section (FS)

A

Thin piece of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for rapid examination under a microscope

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5
Q

Fungal Scrapings

A

Scrapings, taken with a curette or scraper, of tissue from lesions are placed on a growth medium and examined under a microscope to identify fungal growth

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6
Q

Allograft

A

Skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver. Also called ‘homograft.’

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7
Q

Autograft

A

Skin graft form a person’s own body

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8
Q

Dermatome

A

Instrument for cutting the skin or thin transplants of skin

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9
Q

Dermatoplasty

A

Skin grafting; transplantation of skin

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10
Q

Skin Graft (SG)

A

Transfer of skin from a normal area to cover another site. Used to treat burn victims and after some surgical procedures. Also called ‘dermatoplasty.’

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11
Q

Xengraft

A

Skin graft from an animal of another species (usually a pig) to a human. Also called ‘heterograft.’

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12
Q

Cauterization

A

Destruction of tissue by using caustic chemicals, electric currents, heat, or by freezing

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13
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue

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14
Q

Curettage

A

Removal of superficial skin lesions with a curette (surgical instrument shaped like a spoon) or scraper

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15
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound

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16
Q

Electrocautery

A

To destroy tissue with an electric current

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17
Q

Incision and Drainage (I and D)

A

Making an incision to create an opening for the drainage of material such as pus

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18
Q

Onychectomy

A

Removal of a nail

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19
Q

Chemabrasion

A

Abrasion using chemicals. Also called a ‘chemical peel.’

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20
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Abrasion or rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper. Performed to remove acne scars, tattoos, and scar tissue.

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21
Q

Laser Therapy

A

Removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using a laser beam that emits intense heat and power at a close range. The laser converts frequencies of light into one small, powerful beam

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22
Q

Liposuction

A

Removal of fat beneath the skin by means of suction

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23
Q

Rhytidectomy

A

Surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles. Commonly referred to as a ‘face lift.’

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24
Q

Arthrogram

A

X-ray record of a joint; usually taken after the joint has been injected by a contrast medium

25
Arthrography
Process of x-raying a joint; usually after injection of a contrast medium in the joint space
26
Bone Scan
Nuclear medicine procedure in which the patient is given a radioactive dye and then scanning equipment is used to visualize bones. It is especially useful in identifying stress fractures, observing progress of treatment for osteomyelitis, and locating cancer metastases to the bone
27
Dual-Energy Absorptiometry (DXA)
Measurement of bone density using low-dose x-ray for the purpose of detecting osteporosis
28
Myelography
Study of the spinal column after injecting opaque contrast material; particularly useful in identifying herniated nucleus pulposus pinching a spinal nerve
29
Radiography
Diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to study the internal structure of the body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints
30
Arthroscope
Instrument used to view inside a joint
31
Arthroscopy
Examination of the interior of a joint by entering the joint with an arthroscope. The arthroscope contains a small television camera that allows the physician to view the interior of the joint on a monitor during the procedure. Some joint conditions can be repaired during arthroscopy
32
Arthrocentesis
Involves the insertion of a needle into the joint cavity in order to remove or aspirate fluid. May be done to remove excess fluid from a joint or to obtain fluid for examination
33
Orthotic
Orthopedic appliance, such as a brace or splint, used to prevent or correct deformities
34
Prosthesis
Artificial device used as a substitute for a body part that is either congenitally missing or absent as a result of accident or disease. An example would be an artificial leg
35
Amputation
Partial or complete removal of a limb for a variety of reasons, including tumors, gangrene, intractable pain, crushing injury, or uncontrollable infection
36
Arthroclasia
To forcibly break loose a fused joint while the patient is under anesthetic. Fusion is usually caused by the buildup of scar tissue or adhesions
37
Arthrodesis
Procedure to stabilize a joint by fusing the bones together
38
Arthroscopic Surgery
Performing a surgical procedure while using an arthroscope to view the internal structure, such as a joint
39
Arthrotomy
Surgical procedure that cuts into a joint capsule
40
Bone Graft
Piece of bone taken from the patient used to take the place of a removed bone or a bony defect at another site
41
Bunionectomy
Removal of the bursa at the joint of the great toe
42
Bursectomy
Surgical removal of a bursa
43
Chondrectomy
Surgical removal of cartilage
44
Chondroplasty
Surgical repair of cartilage
45
Craniotomy
Surgical procedure that cuts into the skull
46
Laminectomy
Removal of the vertebral posterior arch to correct severe back problems and pain caused by compression of a spinal nerve
47
Osteoclasia
Surgical procedure involving the intentional breaking of a bone to correct a deformity
48
Osteotome
Instrument used to cut bone
49
Osteotomy
Surgical procedure that cuts into a bone
50
Percutaneous Diskectomy
A thin catheter tube is inserted into the intervertebral disk through the skin and the herniated or ruptured disk material is sucked out or a laser is used to vaporize it
51
Spinal Fusion
Surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae. This may be done for several reasons, including correction for a herniated disk
52
Synovectomy
Surgical removal of the synovial membrane
53
Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a prosthetic or artificial hip joint. Also called 'total hip replacement (THR).'
54
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)
Surgical reconstruction of a knee joint by implanting a prosthetic knee joint. Also called 'total knee replacement (TKR).'
55
Cast
Application of a solid material to immobilize an extremity or portion of the body as a result of a fracture, dislocation, or severe injury. It may be made of plaster of Paris or fiberglass
56
Fixation
Procedure to stabilize a fractured bone while it heals External fixation: includes casts, splints, and pin inserted through the skin Internal fixation: includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are applied during an open reduction
57
Reduction
Correcting a fracture by realigning the bone fragments Closed Reduction: doing this manipulation without entering the body Open Reduction: the process of making a surgical incision at the site of the fracture to do the reduction. This is necessary when bony fragments need to be r removed or 'internal fixation' such as plates or pins are required
58
Traction
Applying a pulling force on a fractured or dislocated limb or the vertebral column in order to restore normal alignment

[MT] Lesson 2: Pharmacology, the Integumentary System, and the Musculoskeletal System (12 decks)

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