A and P of the Skeletal System - Bones: Bone Projections and Depressions - Skeleton: Axial Skeleton/Appendicular Skeleton - Joints

Question 1

Bone Marrow

Answer 1

Soft tissue found inside cavities in bones; produces blood cells

Question 2

Ligaments

Answer 2

Very strong bands of connective tissue that bind bones together at a joint

Question 3

Bone

Answer 3

Type of connective tissue and organ of musculoskeletal system; they provide support for body and serve as sites of muscle attachements

Question 4

Skeleton

Answer 4

Bones forming framework for body; site for skeletal muscle attachments

Question 5

Joint

Answer 5

Point at which two bones meet; provides flexibility

Question 6

Cartilage

Answer 6

Strong, flexible connective tissue found in several locations in body, such as covering ends of bones in synovial joint, nasal septum, external ear, eustachian tube, larynx, tracheae, bronchi, and intervertebral discs

Question 7

Osteoblast

Answer 7

Embryonic bone cell

Question 8

Osseous Tissue

Answer 8

Bony tissue; one of hardest tissues in body

Question 9

Ossification

Answer 9

Process of bone formation

Question 10

Osteocyte

Answer 10

Mature bone cells

Question 11

Articular Cartilage

Answer 11

Layer of cartilage covering ends of bones forming synovial joint

Question 12

Cancellous Bone

Answer 12

Bony tissue found inside a bone; contains cavities that hold red bone marrow; also called ‘spongy bone’

Question 13

Compact Bone

Answer 13

Hard exterior surface bone; also called ‘cortical bone’

Question 14

Cortical Bone

Answer 14

Hard exterior surface bone; also called ‘compact bone’

Question 15

Diaphysis

Answer 15

Shaft portion of long bone

Question 16

Epiphysis

Answer 16

Wide ends of a long bone

Question 17

Flat Bone

Answer 17

Type of bone with thin flattened shape; examples include scapula, ribs, and pelvic bones

Question 18

Irregular Bones

Answer 18

Type of bone having irregular shape; vertebrae are irregular bones

Question 19

Long Bone

Answer 19

Type of bone longer than it is wide; examples include femur, humerus, and phalanges

Question 20

Medullary Cavity

Answer 20

Large open cavity that extends length of shaft of long bone; contains yellow bone marrow

Question 21

Periosteum

Answer 21

Membrane that covers most bones; contains numerous nerves and lymphatic vessels

Question 22

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 22

Tissue that manufactures most of blood cells; found in cancellous bone cavities

Question 23

Short Bone

Answer 23

Type of bone that is roughly cube shaped; carpals are short bones

Question 24

Spongy Bone

Answer 24

Bony tissue found inside bone; contains cavities that hold red bone marrow; also called ‘cancellous bone’

Question 25

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 25

Located mainly in center of diaphysis of long bones; contains mainly fat cells

Question 26

Condyle

Answer 26

Refers to rounded portion at end of a bone

Question 27

Epicondyle

Answer 27

Projection located above or on condyle

Question 28

Fissure

Answer 28

Deep groove or slit-type opening

Question 29

Foramen

Answer 29

Passage or opening through bone for nerves and blood vessels

Question 30

Fossa

Answer 30

Shallow cavity or depression within or on surface of a bone

Question 31

Head

Answer 31

Large ball-shaped end of a bone; may be separated from shaft of bone by area called neck

Question 32

Neck

Answer 32

Narrow length of bone that connects ball of ball-and-socket joint to diaphysis of long bone

Question 33

Process

Answer 33

Projection from surface of a bone

Question 34

Sinus

Answer 34

Hollow cavity within bone

Question 35

Trochanter

Answer 35

Large blunt process that provides attachment for tendons and muscles

Question 36

Tubercle

Answer 36

Small, rounded process that provides attachment for tendons and muscles

Question 37

Tuberosity

Answer 37

Large, rounded process that provides attachment to tendons and muscles

Question 38

Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7) ( 7 )

Answer 38

Seven vertebrae in the neck region

Question 39

Coccyx ( 1 )

Answer 39

Tailbone, three to five very small vertebrae attached to the sacrum, often become fused

Question 40

Cranium ( 8 )

Answer 40

Skull; bones that form protective covering over brain

Question 41

Ethmoid Bone ( 1 )

Answer 41

Cranial bone; forms part of eye orbit, nose, and floor of cranium

Question 42

Facial Bones ( 10 )

Answer 42

Skull bones that surround mouth, nose, and eyes; muscles for chewing are attached to facial bones

Question 43

Frontal Bone ( 1 )

Answer 43

Forehead bone of skull

Question 44

Hyoid Bone

Answer 44

Single, U-shaped bone suspended in neck between mandible and larynx; a point of attachment for swallowing and speech muscles

Question 45

Intervertebral Disk

Answer 45

Fibrous cartilage cushion between vertebrae

Question 46

Lacrimal Bone ( 2 )

Answer 46

Facial Bone; inner corner of each eye

Question 47

Lumbar Vertebrae ( 5 )

Answer 47

Five vertebrae in the small of the back, about waist level

Question 48

Mandible ( 1 )

Answer 48

Lower jawbone; only movable bone of the skull

Question 49

Maxilla ( 1 )

Answer 49

Upper jawbone

Question 50

Nasal Bone ( 2 )

Answer 50

Facial bone; form part of nasal septum and support bridge of nose

Question 51

Occipital Bone ( 1 )

Answer 51

Cranial bone; back and base of skull

Question 52

Palatine Bone ( 1 )

Answer 52

Facial bone; hard palate roof of oral cavity and floor of nasal cavity

Question 53

Parietal Bone ( 2 )

Answer 53

Cranial bone; upper sides of cranium and roof of skull

Question 54

Rib Cage ( 12 )

Answer 54

Also called 'chest cavity'; formed by curved ribs extending from vertebral column around sides and attaching to sternum; ribs are part of axial skeleton

Question 55

Sacrum ( 1 )

Answer 55

Five vertebrae that become fused into one triangular-shaped flat bone at the base of the vertebral column

Question 56

Sphenoid Bone ( 1 )

Answer 56

Cranial bone; bat-shaped bone that forms part of the base of the skull, floor, and sides of eye orbit

Question 57

Sternum ( 1 )

Answer 57

Also called 'breast bone'; part of axial skeleton and anterior attachment for ribs

Question 58

Temporal Bone ( 2 )

Answer 58

Cranial bone; sides and base of cranium

Question 59

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12) ( 12 )

Answer 59

12 vertebrae in chest region with ribs attached

Question 60

Vertebral Column (26 )

Answer 60

Part of axial skeleton; a column of 26 vertebrae that forms backbone and protects spinal cord; divided into five sections: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx; also called 'spinal column'

Question 61

Vomer Bone ( 1 )

Answer 61

Facial bone; base of nasal septum

Question 62

Zygomatic Bone ( 2 )

Answer 62

Facial bone; cheekbones

Question 63

Carpals ( 16 )

Answer 63

Bones of wrist

Question 64

Clavicle ( 2 )

Answer 64

Also called 'collar bone'; bone of pectoral girdle

Question 65

Femur ( 2 )

Answer 65

Also called 'thigh bone'; upper leg bone

Question 66

Fibula ( 2 )

Answer 66

Thinner, long bone in lateral side of lower leg

Question 67

Humerus ( 2 )

Answer 67

Upper arm bone in upper extremity

Question 68

Ilium ( 2 )

Answer 68

Part of the hipbone; one of three bones that form the os coxae or innominate bone of the pelvis

Question 69

Innominate bone ( 2 )

Answer 69

Also called 'os coxae' or 'hip bone'; pelvis portion of lower extremity; consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis and unites with sacrum and coccyx to form pelvis

Question 70

Ischium ( 2 )

Answer 70

Part of the hipbone; one of three bones forming os coxae or innominate bone of pelvis

Question 71

Metacarpals ( 10 )

Answer 71

Bones in palm of hand

Question 72

Metatarsals ( 10 )

Answer 72

Forefoot bones

Question 73

Os Coxae ( 2 )

Answer 73

Also called 'innominate bone' or 'hip bone'; pelvis portion of lower extremity; consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis and unites with sacrum and coccyx to form pelvis

Question 74

Patella ( 2 )

Answer 74

Knee cap

Question 75

Pectoral Girdle ( 4 )

Answer 75

Consists of clavicle and scapula; functions to attach upper extremity to axial skeleton

Question 76

Pelvic Girdle ( 2 )

Answer 76

Consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis; functions to attach lower extremity to axial skeleton

Question 77

Phalanges ( 56 )

Answer 77

Finger bones; three in each finger and two in each thumb Toe bones; three in each toe and two in each great toe

Question 78

Pubis ( 2 )

Answer 78

Part of the hipbone; one of three bones that form os coxae or innominate bone

Question 79

Radius ( 2 )

Answer 79

Forearm bone on thumb side of lower arm

Question 80

Scapula ( 2 )

Answer 80

Also called 'shoulder blade'; upper extremity bone

Question 81

Tarsals ( 14 )

Answer 81

Ankle and heel bones

Question 82

Tibia ( 2 )

Answer 82

Shin bone; thicker lower leg bone

Question 83

Ulna ( 2 )

Answer 83

Forearm bone on little finger side of lower arm

Question 84

Articulation

Answer 84

Another term for a joint, point where two bones meet

Question 85

Bursa

Answer 85

Sac-like connective tissue structure found in some joints; protects moving parts from friction; some common bursa locations are elbow, knee, and shoulder joints

Question 86

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 86

Joint that allows slight movement but holds bones firmly in place by solid piece of cartilage; pubic symphysis is an example of a cartilaginous joint; fetal skeleton is composed of cartilaginous tissue

Question 87

Fibrous Joints

Answer 87

Joint that has almost no movement because ends of bones are joined together by thick fibrous tissue; sutures of skull are example

Question 88

Joint Capsule

Answer 88

Elastic capsule that encloses synovial joints

Question 89

Synovial Fluid

Answer 89

Fluid secreted by synovial membrane in synovial joint; lubricates joint and reduces friction

Question 90

Synovial Joint

Answer 90

Freely moving joint that is lubricated by synovial fluid

Question 91

Synovial Membrane

Answer 91

Membrane that lines synovial joint; secretes lubricating fluid called 'synovial fluid'