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[MT] Lesson 2: Pharmacology, the Integumentary System, and the Musculoskeletal System > A and P of the Skeletal System - Bones: Bone Projections and Depressions - Skeleton: Axial Skeleton/Appendicular Skeleton - Joints > Flashcards

A and P of the Skeletal System - Bones: Bone Projections and Depressions - Skeleton: Axial Skeleton/Appendicular Skeleton - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Soft tissue found inside cavities in bones; produces blood cells

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2
Q

Ligaments

A

Very strong bands of connective tissue that bind bones together at a joint

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3
Q

Bone

A

Type of connective tissue and organ of musculoskeletal system; they provide support for body and serve as sites of muscle attachements

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4
Q

Skeleton

A

Bones forming framework for body; site for skeletal muscle attachments

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5
Q

Joint

A

Point at which two bones meet; provides flexibility

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6
Q

Cartilage

A

Strong, flexible connective tissue found in several locations in body, such as covering ends of bones in synovial joint, nasal septum, external ear, eustachian tube, larynx, tracheae, bronchi, and intervertebral discs

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7
Q

Osteoblast

A

Embryonic bone cell

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8
Q

Osseous Tissue

A

Bony tissue; one of hardest tissues in body

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9
Q

Ossification

A

Process of bone formation

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10
Q

Osteocyte

A

Mature bone cells

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11
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Layer of cartilage covering ends of bones forming synovial joint

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12
Q

Cancellous Bone

A

Bony tissue found inside a bone; contains cavities that hold red bone marrow; also called ‘spongy bone’

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13
Q

Compact Bone

A

Hard exterior surface bone; also called ‘cortical bone’

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14
Q

Cortical Bone

A

Hard exterior surface bone; also called ‘compact bone’

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15
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft portion of long bone

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16
Q

Epiphysis

A

Wide ends of a long bone

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17
Q

Flat Bone

A

Type of bone with thin flattened shape; examples include scapula, ribs, and pelvic bones

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18
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Type of bone having irregular shape; vertebrae are irregular bones

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19
Q

Long Bone

A

Type of bone longer than it is wide; examples include femur, humerus, and phalanges

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20
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Large open cavity that extends length of shaft of long bone; contains yellow bone marrow

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21
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane that covers most bones; contains numerous nerves and lymphatic vessels

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22
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Tissue that manufactures most of blood cells; found in cancellous bone cavities

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23
Q

Short Bone

A

Type of bone that is roughly cube shaped; carpals are short bones

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24
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Bony tissue found inside bone; contains cavities that hold red bone marrow; also called ‘cancellous bone’

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25
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Located mainly in center of diaphysis of long bones; contains mainly fat cells

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26
Q

Condyle

A

Refers to rounded portion at end of a bone

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27
Q

Epicondyle

A

Projection located above or on condyle

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28
Q

Fissure

A

Deep groove or slit-type opening

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29
Q

Foramen

A

Passage or opening through bone for nerves and blood vessels

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30
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow cavity or depression within or on surface of a bone

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31
Q

Head

A

Large ball-shaped end of a bone; may be separated from shaft of bone by area called neck

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32
Q

Neck

A

Narrow length of bone that connects ball of ball-and-socket joint to diaphysis of long bone

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33
Q

Process

A

Projection from surface of a bone

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34
Q

Sinus

A

Hollow cavity within bone

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35
Q

Trochanter

A

Large blunt process that provides attachment for tendons and muscles

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36
Q

Tubercle

A

Small, rounded process that provides attachment for tendons and muscles

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37
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large, rounded process that provides attachment to tendons and muscles

38
Q

Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7) ( 7 )

A

Seven vertebrae in the neck region

39
Q

Coccyx ( 1 )

A

Tailbone, three to five very small vertebrae attached to the sacrum, often become fused

40
Q

Cranium ( 8 )

A

Skull; bones that form protective covering over brain

41
Q

Ethmoid Bone ( 1 )

A

Cranial bone; forms part of eye orbit, nose, and floor of cranium

42
Q

Facial Bones ( 10 )

A

Skull bones that surround mouth, nose, and eyes; muscles for chewing are attached to facial bones

43
Q

Frontal Bone ( 1 )

A

Forehead bone of skull

44
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

Single, U-shaped bone suspended in neck between mandible and larynx; a point of attachment for swallowing and speech muscles

45
Q

Intervertebral Disk

A

Fibrous cartilage cushion between vertebrae

46
Q

Lacrimal Bone ( 2 )

A

Facial Bone; inner corner of each eye

47
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae ( 5 )

A

Five vertebrae in the small of the back, about waist level

48
Q

Mandible ( 1 )

A

Lower jawbone; only movable bone of the skull

49
Q

Maxilla ( 1 )

A

Upper jawbone

50
Q

Nasal Bone ( 2 )

A

Facial bone; form part of nasal septum and support bridge of nose

51
Q

Occipital Bone ( 1 )

A

Cranial bone; back and base of skull

52
Q

Palatine Bone ( 1 )

A

Facial bone; hard palate roof of oral cavity and floor of nasal cavity

53
Q

Parietal Bone ( 2 )

A

Cranial bone; upper sides of cranium and roof of skull

54
Q

Rib Cage ( 12 )

A

Also called ‘chest cavity’; formed by curved ribs extending from vertebral column around sides and attaching to sternum; ribs are part of axial skeleton

55
Q

Sacrum ( 1 )

A

Five vertebrae that become fused into one triangular-shaped flat bone at the base of the vertebral column

56
Q

Sphenoid Bone ( 1 )

A

Cranial bone; bat-shaped bone that forms part of the base of the skull, floor, and sides of eye orbit

57
Q

Sternum ( 1 )

A

Also called ‘breast bone’; part of axial skeleton and anterior attachment for ribs

58
Q

Temporal Bone ( 2 )

A

Cranial bone; sides and base of cranium

59
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12) ( 12 )

A

12 vertebrae in chest region with ribs attached

60
Q

Vertebral Column (26 )

A

Part of axial skeleton; a column of 26 vertebrae that forms backbone and protects spinal cord; divided into five sections: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx; also called ‘spinal column’

61
Q

Vomer Bone ( 1 )

A

Facial bone; base of nasal septum

62
Q

Zygomatic Bone ( 2 )

A

Facial bone; cheekbones

63
Q

Carpals ( 16 )

A

Bones of wrist

64
Q

Clavicle ( 2 )

A

Also called ‘collar bone’; bone of pectoral girdle

65
Q

Femur ( 2 )

A

Also called ‘thigh bone’; upper leg bone

66
Q

Fibula ( 2 )

A

Thinner, long bone in lateral side of lower leg

67
Q

Humerus ( 2 )

A

Upper arm bone in upper extremity

68
Q

Ilium ( 2 )

A

Part of the hipbone; one of three bones that form the os coxae or innominate bone of the pelvis

69
Q

Innominate bone ( 2 )

A

Also called ‘os coxae’ or ‘hip bone’; pelvis portion of lower extremity; consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis and unites with sacrum and coccyx to form pelvis

70
Q

Ischium ( 2 )

A

Part of the hipbone; one of three bones forming os coxae or innominate bone of pelvis

71
Q

Metacarpals ( 10 )

A

Bones in palm of hand

72
Q

Metatarsals ( 10 )

A

Forefoot bones

73
Q

Os Coxae ( 2 )

A

Also called ‘innominate bone’ or ‘hip bone’; pelvis portion of lower extremity; consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis and unites with sacrum and coccyx to form pelvis

74
Q

Patella ( 2 )

75
Q

Pectoral Girdle ( 4 )

A

Consists of clavicle and scapula; functions to attach upper extremity to axial skeleton

76
Q

Pelvic Girdle ( 2 )

A

Consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis; functions to attach lower extremity to axial skeleton

77
Q

Phalanges ( 56 )

A

Finger bones; three in each finger and two in each thumb

Toe bones; three in each toe and two in each great toe

78
Q

Pubis ( 2 )

A

Part of the hipbone; one of three bones that form os coxae or innominate bone

79
Q

Radius ( 2 )

A

Forearm bone on thumb side of lower arm

80
Q

Scapula ( 2 )

A

Also called ‘shoulder blade’; upper extremity bone

81
Q

Tarsals ( 14 )

A

Ankle and heel bones

82
Q

Tibia ( 2 )

A

Shin bone; thicker lower leg bone

83
Q

Ulna ( 2 )

A

Forearm bone on little finger side of lower arm

84
Q

Articulation

A

Another term for a joint, point where two bones meet

85
Q

Bursa

A

Sac-like connective tissue structure found in some joints; protects moving parts from friction; some common bursa locations are elbow, knee, and shoulder joints

86
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Joint that allows slight movement but holds bones firmly in place by solid piece of cartilage; pubic symphysis is an example of a cartilaginous joint; fetal skeleton is composed of cartilaginous tissue

87
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Joint that has almost no movement because ends of bones are joined together by thick fibrous tissue; sutures of skull are example

88
Q

Joint Capsule

A

Elastic capsule that encloses synovial joints

89
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Fluid secreted by synovial membrane in synovial joint; lubricates joint and reduces friction

90
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Freely moving joint that is lubricated by synovial fluid

91
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Membrane that lines synovial joint; secretes lubricating fluid called ‘synovial fluid’

[MT] Lesson 2: Pharmacology, the Integumentary System, and the Musculoskeletal System (12 decks)

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