A and P of the Integumentary System - The Skin: Epidermis/Dermis/Subcutaneous Layer - Accessory Organs: Hair/Nails/Sebaceous Glands/Sweat Glands

Question 1

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 1

Another term for ‘skin’

Question 2

Integument

Answer 2

Another term for ‘skin’

Question 3

Pathogens

Answer 3

Disease-bearing organisms

Question 4

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 4

Also called ‘oil glands’; produce substance called ‘sebum’ that lubricates skin surface

Question 5

Sensory Receptors

Answer 5

Nerve fibers located directly under skin surface; these receptors detect temperature, pain, touch, and pressure; messages for these sensations are conveyed to brain and spinal cord from nerve endings in skin

Question 6

Epidermis

Answer 6

Superficial layer of skin; is composed of squamous epithelium cells; these are flat scale-like cells that are arranged in layers, called stratified squamous epithelium; many layers of epidermis create a barrier to infection; epidermis does not have a blood supply, so is dependent on deeper layers of skin for nourishment; however, deepest epidermis layer is called ‘basal layer’; these cells are alive and constantly dividing; older cells are pushed out toward surface by new cells forming beneath; during this process, they shrink and die, becoming filled with a protein called keratin; keratin-filled cells are sloughed off as dead cells

Question 7

Dermis

Answer 7

Living layer of skin located between epidermis and subcutaneous tissue; also referred to as ‘corium’ or ‘true skin’; contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerve fibers, and muscle fibers

Question 8

Subcutaneous Layer

Answer 8

Deepest layer of skin where fat is formed; layer of fatty tissue protects deeper tissues of body and acts as insulation for heat and cold

Question 9

Basal Layer

Answer 9

Deepest layer of epidermis; this living layer constantly multiplies and divides to supply cells to replace cells that are sloughed off skin surface

Question 10

Keratin

Answer 10

Hard protein substance produced by body; found in hair and nails, and filling inside of epidermal cells

Question 11

Melanin

Answer 11

Black color pigment in skin; helps to prevent sun’s ultraviolet rays from entering body

Question 12

Melanocytes

Answer 12

Special cells in basal layer of epidermis; they contain black pigment melanin that gives skin its color and protects against ultraviolet rays of sun

Question 13

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 13

Layers of flat or scale-like cells found in epidermis; ‘stratified’ means multiple layers and ‘squamous’ means flat

Question 14

Collagen Fibers

Answer 14

Fibers made up of insoluble fibrous protein present in connective tissue that forms flexible mat to protect skin and other parts of body

Question 15

Corium

Answer 15

Living layer of skin located between epidermis and subcutaneous tissue; also referred to as ‘dermis’, it contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerve fibers, and muscle fibers

Question 16

Hypodermis

Answer 16

Deepest layer of skin; composed primarily of adipose

Question 17

Lipocytes

Answer 17

Medical term for cells that contain fat molecules

Question 18

Arrector Pili

Answer 18

Small slip of smooth muscle attached to hairs; when this muscle contracts, hair shaft stands up and results in “goose bumps”

Question 19

Hair Root

Answer 19

Deeper cells that divide to grow hair longer

Question 20

Hair Follicle

Answer 20

Cavities in dermis that contain hair root; hair grows longer from root

Question 21

Hair Shaft

Answer 21

Older keratinized cells that form most of length of a hair

Question 22

Cuticle

Answer 22

Thin skin-like layer overlapping base of nail

Question 23

Free Edge

Answer 23

Exposed edge of a nail that is trimmed when nails become too long

Question 24

Lunula

Answer 24

Lighter-colored, half-moon region at base of a nail

Question 25

Nail Bed

Answer 25

Connects nail body to connective tissue underneath

Question 26

Nail Body

Answer 26

Flat plate of keratin that forms most of nails

Question 27

Nail Root

Answer 27

Base of nail; nails grow longer from root

Question 28

Sebum

Answer 28

Thick, oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands that lubricates skin to prevent drying out; when sebum accumulates, it can cause congestion in sebaceous glands and whiteheads or pimples may form; when sebum becomes dark it is referred to as ‘comedo’ or ‘blackhead’

Question 29

Apocrine Glands

Answer 29

Glands that open into hair follicles located in pubic, anal, and mammary areas; glands secrete substance that can produce odor when it comes into contact with bacteria on skin causing what is commonly referred to as ‘body odor’

Question 30

Sudoriferous Glands

Answer 30

Typical sweat glands of skin