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Virology@RUSVM > Diagnosis of Viral Infections > Flashcards

Diagnosis of Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

risk group 1

A

no or low individual and community risk

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2
Q

risk group 2

A

moderate individual risk, low community risk

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3
Q

risk group 3

A

high individual risk, low community risk

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4
Q

risk group 4

A

high individual risk, high community risk

ex. Ebola

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5
Q

BSL-4

A

maximum containment lab
lab workers should wear one-piece, positively air-pressurized, HEPA-filtered, supplied air suit
room should be negative air-pressured

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6
Q

biohazard

A

biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans

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7
Q

biosafety

A

lab biosafety describes the containment principles, technologies and practices that are implemented to prevent the unintentional exposure to pathogens

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8
Q

aerosol

A

very small droplets of fluid that can spread via air

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9
Q

biosafety cabinets (BSC)

A

an enclosed, ventilated lab workspace for safety working with materials contaminated with pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level

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10
Q

biosecurity

A

describes the protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, the misuse, diversion or intentional release

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11
Q

have to make sure you collect samples at….

A

the right time
the right site
from the most appropriate animal

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12
Q

chance of a viral recovery is best during the first _____ days

A

3

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13
Q

viral recovery is greatly reduced after _____ days

A

5

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14
Q

3 potential hazards associated with transport of pathogens

A

1- breakage of containers resulting in spillage
2- resulting in exposure to possible infection
3- a delay in package delivery to the diagnostic lab

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15
Q

clinical signs of blue tongue in sheep

A

cyanosis of tongue, appears purple/blue

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16
Q

turkey-egg shaped kidney….what disease

A

swine fever

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17
Q

what virus has the presence of negri body inclusion factors?

A

rabies

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18
Q

negative stain EM

A

virus is mixed with heavy metal salt solution, the mixture is then spread on a thin layer on a carbon-coated copper grid and dried…image is a negative image (see what is the background not the virus)

19
Q

TEM

A

based on transmitted electrons. seeks to see what is inside of beyond the surface. great resolution. 2D image

20
Q

SEM

A

based on scattered electrons. focuses on the surface and its composition. lacks resolution. 3D image.

21
Q

assay

A

qualitative or quantitative measurment of a target entity/analytic, such as a drug or biomolecule

22
Q

gold standard test

A

diagnostic test considered to be the most accurate and best available under a particular condition

23
Q

negative predictive value

A

the chance that a negative test result is actually negative

24
Q

positive predictive value

A

the chance that a positive test result is actually positive

25
Q

sensitivity

A

probability that cases with the infection will have a positive result using the test under evaluation

26
Q

specificity

A

probability that cases with the infection will have a negative result using the test under evaluation

27
Q

serum

A

clear-yellowish fluid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot. clot is removed

28
Q

plasma

A

produced when whole blood is collected in tubes that are treated with an anticoagulant

29
Q

direct ELISA

A

antigens are immobilized and enzymes-conjugated primary antibodies are used to detect or quantify antigen concentration.
antibody attached directly to antigen

30
Q

indirect ELISA

A

primary antibodies are not labeled, but detect instead with enzyme-conjugated secondary antibodies that recognize the primary antibodies
antibody attached to another antibody attached to the antigen

31
Q

sandwich ELISA

A

antigen to be measured is bound between a layer of capture antibodies and a layer of detection antibodies. the two antibodies must be very critically chosen to prevent cross-reactivity or competition of binding sites

32
Q

competitive ELISA

A

darker the sample =more negative

lighter the sample/no color= positive

33
Q

fluorescence antibody test (FAT)

A

antibodies are labeled with fluorescence which appears when attached to an antigen

34
Q

direct FAT

A

visible fluorescence appears at the binding site of the specific antibodies

35
Q

indirect FAT

A

marker recognizes the primary antibodies bound to antigen

36
Q

immunohistochemistry

A

antibody is tagged with enzyme, generally horseradish peroxidase. enzyme reacts with substrate to create a color change within infected cells

37
Q

direct assay

A

enzyme tagged with primary antibody that binds to antigen

38
Q

indirect assay

A

enzyme tagged to a secondary antibody that is specific against primary antibody

39
Q

immunochromatography/lateral flow devices

A

a form of point of care test that is simple to perform and does not require specialized equipment. sample is slid across a plate and if antibodies are present for the virus two bands will appear if not only the control line will be present

40
Q

agglutination

A

antibodies bind to many antigens into single clumps thereby forming large complexes which are easily precipitated.

41
Q

hemagglutination

A

virus + RBCs —> mat formation

42
Q

hemagglutination inhibition

A

virus + RBCs + Ab —-> button formation

43
Q

complement fixation test

A

no hemolysis = antibodies present = positive reaction

hemolysis = no antibodies = negative reaction

44
Q

neutralization assay

A

loss of infectivity through reaction of the virus with specific antibodies

Virology@RUSVM (11 decks)

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