Diagnosis and Early Detection Of Breast Cancer

Question 1

Removal of a small amount of tissue for
examination under a microscope

Answer 1

Biopsy

Question 2

Breast cancer can be diagnosed with through multiple tests or imaging modality including:

Answer 2

1. Mammogram
2. Ultrasound
3. MRI
4. Biopsy

Question 3

is usually performed under stereotactic or ultrasound guidance using an
automated needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy probe

Answer 3

Percutaneous biopsy

Question 4

The ability of a mammogram to detect breast cancer may depend on the:

Answer 4

• Size of the tumor
• Density of the breast
• Skill of the mammographer
• Interpretation of the mammogram

Question 5

Factors to consider when choosing a diagnostic test:

Answer 5

1.Type of cancer is suspected Signs and symptoms
2. Age and general health
3.The results of earlier medical tests
4.Patient should have all her records or first mammogram

Question 6

Uses penetrating sound waves that
do not affect or damage the tissue
and cannot be heard by humans

Answer 6

Ultrasound Sonography

Question 7

• Superior in distinguish a solid
mass,(cancer) and a fluid filled
cyst,(benign)
• Differentiating cancer from benign

Answer 7

Ultrasound Sonography

Question 8

• Used as a surveillance method
following a breast cancer diagnosis
and treatment

Answer 8

MRI

Question 9

MRI require the intravenous injection of____ contrast agent

Answer 9

gadolinium

Question 10

A test that removes tissue or fluid
from the suspicious area

Answer 10

Biopsy

Question 11

is the only diagnostic
procedure that can definitely
determine if the suspicious area is
cancerous or malignant.

Answer 11

biopsy

Question 12

Types of Biopsy

Answer 12

1.Fine-needle aspiration/ FNA / FNAB
2.Core-needle biopsy
3.Surgical biopsy
4.Image-guided biopsy
5.Sentinel lymph node biopsy

Question 13

There are several factors that helps a doctor decide which type of
biopsy to recommend:

Answer 13

• Appearance of the tumor
• Size of the tumor
• Location of the suspicious area on the breast

Question 14

This procedure is usually performed in the ultrasound section because it is ultrasound-guided

Answer 14

Fin-Needle Aspiration (FNA)

Question 15

is chosen when the lump is likely to be filled with fluid

Answer 15

Fin Needle Aspiration (FNA)

Question 16

Performed if the lump persists

Answer 16

FINE- NEEDLE BIOPSY / FNABX

Question 17

A procedure to a small amount of
suspicious tissue from the breast
with a larger “core” needle

Answer 17

CORE-NEEDLE BIOPSY

Question 18

Yields larger tissue samples

Answer 18

CORE-NEEDLE BIOPSY

Question 19

•A small cut will be made over the area
• Part or all of the mass will be
removed and examined under a
microscope

Answer 19

Surgical Biopsy

Question 20

A biopsy marker is a small clip or
metal object that’s placed in the
breast during a biopsy to mark the
biopsy site

Answer 20

Biopsy Marker

Question 21

• Most of the biopsy marker are made
up of:

Answer 21

⚬ Zr (Zirconium) = 40
⚬ Ti (titanium) = 22

Question 22

•During this procedure, a needle is
guided to the location of the mass or
calcifications with the help of an
imaging technique, such as
mammography, ultrasound, or MRI.
• Stereotactic Biopsy

Answer 22

Image-guided Biopsy

Question 23

When the cancer spread through the lymphatic system the lymphatic
node or group of nodes the cancer reaches first is called a

Answer 23

sentinel lymph node

Question 24

• Procedure in which the sentinel lymph node is identified, removed and
examined to determine whether cancer cells are present
• Used in people who have already been diagnosed with cancer

Answer 24

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Question 25

• signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced after the removal of the tumor. • can be partial or complete

Answer 25

Remission

Question 26

• all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared

Answer 26

Complete remission

Question 27

In the case of core-needle biopsy, the report includes;

Answer 27

⚬ Tumor type ⚬ Tumor’s growth rate or grade

Question 28

In the case of surgical biopsy, the results reveal data about:

Answer 28

⚬ The type, grade, and receptor status of the tumor ⚬ The distance between the surrounding normal tissue and the excised tumor

Question 29

When breast cancer is surgically removed, a rim of normal tissue surrounding the tumor is also removed . ⚬ This rim is called ___. ⚬____ helps show whether or notthe tumor was remov

Answer 29

margin

Question 30

3 TYPES OF MARGIN

Answer 30

• Positive Margin • Negative Margin • Close Margin

Question 31

• Means that cancer cells comes right out to the edge of the removed tissue and have ink on them • Cancer cells are present at the margin of the tumor • The cancer has spread beyond the immediate area

Answer 31

Positive Margin

Question 32

• Indicates there are no tumor cells at the margin • Cancer is contained in the area nearest to the tumor • Margin is described as negative or clear margin when the pathologist finds no cancer cells at the outer edge of the tissue that was removed suggesting that all the cancer has been removed

Answer 32

Negative Margin|Clear Margin|Clean Margin

Question 33

• The space between the cancerous tissue and surrounding normal tissue is less than about 3 mm

Answer 33

Close Margin

Question 34

Signs may include:

Answer 34

⚬ A lumo ⚬ Breastpain ⚬ Nipple discharge ⚬ Thickening of skin on the breast ⚬ Changes in the size or shape of the breast