Diagnosis 3

Question 1

What is the main point of Molecular Biology in Diagnosis of Viral infections?

Answer 1

Take part of the viral genome and amplify it so you have many parts and you can see them by the naked eye. There is a lot of crucial information in the genetic makeup. Helps let us know if there is zoonosis or if vaccines will work or not.

Question 2

Polymerase chain reaction is a lab technique use to make _______________?

Answer 2

Multiple copies of a segment of DNA

Question 3

T/F PCR is very precise and can be used to amplify, or copy, a specific DNA target from a Mixture of DNA molecules

Answer 3

True

Question 4

PCR is often called _____________

Answer 4

Molecular photocopying

Question 5

What are the 3 main steps of PCR?

Answer 5

1. ) Denaturation
2. )Annealing
3. ) Extension/Elongation

Question 6

What happens in the Denaturing Process of PCR?

Answer 6

In order to amplify the sample it is first heated to denature it and split it into 2 pieces of single stranded DNA

Question 7

What happens during the Annealing process of PCR?

Answer 7

The 2 short stretches of nucleotides (primers) attach to ends of each fhb two separated segments. Forward primer (+ sense) binds to reverse DNA strand (-strand)

Question 8

What happens during the Extension/Elongation process in PCR?

Answer 8

The enzyme known as Taq polymerase makes 2 new strands. Tax keeps adding free nucleotides to the attached primer. So a new DNA segment is created.

Question 9

What does Real time PCR or Quantitative PCR allow you to do?

Answer 9

Allows monitoring and quantification of increasing accumulation of PCR products/ nucleic acid load as the reaction progresses.

Question 10

What is the most widely used method of DNA sequencing?

Answer 10

the modification of the Sanger dideoxy method, which involves using chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides

Question 11

What is Metagenomics?

Answer 11

The study of the collective set of microbial population in a sample by analyzing the samples entire nucleotide sequence content, and is a powerful method for random detection of existing and new pathogens.

Question 12

In metagenomics how is detection of existing and new pathogens achieved?

Answer 12

It is achieved by amplification and sequencing of whole genome ( DNA/RNA) content followed by filtering and analysis

Question 13

How does Gene sequencing plays a crucial role in surveillance studies?

1. )
2. )
3. )
4. )
5. )
6. )
7. )

Answer 13

1. ) pathogen detection
2. ) studies on genetic variation, such as genotyping, evolution and interspecies transmission of pathogens
3. ) Identification of novel and undiscovered strains
4. ) Development of diagnostic, such as genotyping primers, or probes
5. ) identification of genes associated with drug resistance
6. )Development of therapeutics
7. ) Judging the efficacy of current vaccines and formulating new vaccine strategies

Question 14

What is phylogenetic Analysis?

Answer 14

The use of Virus genome sequence date to study evolution of viruses and genetic relationship among viruses.

Question 15

What is the advantages of microarrays in detection of pathogens in surveillance studies?

Answer 15

that hundreds of pathogens can be screened for simultaneously, using a single microarray chip.