Diabetic Retinopathy Flashcards
What is diabetic retinopathy?
Condition where blood vessels in the retina are damaged by prolonged exposure to high blood sugar levels (hyperglycaemia)
What can diabetic retinopathy be split into?
Non-proliferative
Proliferative
What is non-proliferative retinopathy?
Background or pre-proliferative retinopathy
Can develop in to proliferative retinopathy
What can non-proliferative retinopathy be split into?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
What are the signs of mild non-proliferative retinopathy?
Microaneurysms
What are the signs of moderate non-proliferative retinopathy?
Microaneurysms
Blot haemorrhages
Hard exudates
Cotton wool spots
Venous beading
What are the signs of severe non-proliferative retinopathy?
Blot haemorrhages plus
Microaneurysms in 4 quadrants
Venous beating in 2 quadrates
Intraretinal microvascular abnormality (IMRA) in any quadrant
What are the signs of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Neovascularisation- can lead to Vitreous haemorrhage
Fibrous tissue forming anterior to retinal disc
Who is more commonly affected by proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Type 1 diabetics
What are the main signs of maculopathy?
Macular oedema
Ischaemic maculopathy
In who is diabetic maculopathy more common in?
Type 2 diabetics
How can diabetic retinopathy be prevented?
Optimise glycaemic control, blood pressure and hyperlipidemia
Regular review by ophthalmology
What is the management of maculopathy is there are changes in visual acuity?
Intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors
What is the management of Non-proliferative retinopathy?
Regular observation
if severe/very severe consider panretinal laser photocoagulation
What should you consider if non-proliferative retinopathy is severe?
Pan-retinal laser photocoagulation
