Diabetic Medications

Question 1

Biguanides (metformin)

Answer 1

• Increases insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis
• SE: GI upset and lactic acidosis

Question 2

Sulfonylrueas (gliclazide, glimeprimide)

Answer 2

• Stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin

- SE: Hypoglycaemia, weight gain, hyponatraemia

Question 3

Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone)

Answer 3

• Activate PPAR gamma receptor in adipocytes - promotes adipogenesis and fatty acid uptake
• SE: Weight gain and fluid retention

Question 4

DPP-4 Inhibitors (gliptins)

Answer 4

• Increase incretin levels - inhibit glucagon secretion

- SE: Increased risk of pancreatitis

Question 5

SGLT-2 Inhibitors (gliflozins)

Answer 5

• Inhibit reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys

- SE: Increased risk of UTI

Question 6

GLP-1 Agonists (tides)

Answer 6

• Incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion
• SE: nausea and vomiting, pancreatitis, weight decrease
• Administered SC