diabetic drugs Flashcards
what drugs reduce glucose production in liver?
biguanides and thiazolidinediones
what drugs increase insulin production in the pancreas
sulphonylureas and meglitinides
what do alph-glucosidase inhibitors do?
slow absorption of sucrose and starch in the small intestine
what drugs reduce insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?
biguanides and thiazolidinediones
what type of drug is metformin
biguanide - first line treatment for T2D and useful in obese pts
what are contraindications of metformin
contraindicated in renal impairment pt.
risk of lactic acidosis in hepatic/ respiratory and cardiac failure
what type of drug is sulphonylureas? how does it work
secretagogues (increases secretion of insulin) by binding to sulphonylurea receptor in B cell, promoting closure of K+ dependant channels.
what drugs come under sulphonylureas?
glicazide, glimepiride, glibenclamide
what are risks of sulphonylureas?
weight gain
reduction in HbA1 by 1.5/2%
hypoglycaemia in elderly
what type of drug is an ‘alpha glucosidase inhibitor’
arcabose
how do alpha glucosidase inhibitors worl
reduce carbohydrate absorption from small intestines by inhibiting enzymes that hydrolyse polysaccharides in the brush border of intestinal cells (starch blockers)
when are alpha glucosidase inhibitors taken
with a meal of 15m after
side effects of alpha glucosidase inhibitors
bloating and flatulence.
what type of drug are thiaxolidinediones
glitazones
what drugs come under thiazolidinediones? how do they work?
rosiglitazone, pioglitazone.work by reducing resistance and improving sensitivity of insulin- agonist of PPARY receptor (liver, adipose, skeletal muscle)
