Adverse Drug Reactions

Question 1

What is an xenobiotic

Answer 1

Foreign substance that enters the body

Question 2

What happens if an xenobiotic is not removed from the body

Answer 2

It reaches toxic levels in the plasma

Question 3

What processes remove xenobiotics?

Answer 3

Metabolism, excretion and bio-transformation

Question 4

When was the yellow card scheme created

Answer 4

1964

Question 5

How many phases to drug development?

Answer 5

4 (IV)

Question 6

What is a type A drug reaction

Answer 6

Augmented reactions resulting from an exaggeration of the drugs normal actions.
Usually dose-Dependent, predictable and will occur in everyone if the dose in sufficient

Question 7

What is a Type B drug reaction

Answer 7

Bizzarre reactions - not expected from the drugs known pharmacological action- unpredictable and not dose dependent

Question 8

Common + predictable =

Answer 8

Preventable

Question 9

Does Type A have a dose relationship?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Does Type B have a dose relationship?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

How common are Type A reactions

Answer 11

Common - 75%

Question 12

How common are Type B reactions

Answer 12

Rare

Question 13

What is the mortality is Type A

Answer 13

Lower

Question 14

What is the mortality rate of Type B

Answer 14

Higher

Question 15

What is the morbidity of Type A

Answer 15

Higher

Question 16

What is the morbidity of Type B

Answer 16

Lower

Question 17

What is the treatment for Type A reaction

Answer 17

Stop/reduce dose

Question 18

What is the treatment of Type B

Answer 18

Stop drug

Question 19

What is the estimated risk of a peptic ulcer in the elderly receiving NSAIDs

Answer 19

4.1

Question 20

Adverse reactions for NSAIDs

Answer 20

GI bleed, peptic ulceration, haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident, renal impairment, wheezing, rash

Question 21

NSAID drugs

Answer 21

Asprin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, rofecoxib, celecoxib, ketoprofen, naproxen

Question 22

Carbamazepine, 
phenobarbitone, 
phenytoin, 
phenytoin, 
rifampicin, 
chronic ethanol consumption, 
smoking, 
barbecued meat,
 st Johns wort

Are all what???

Answer 22

Enzyme inducing agents

Question 23

Cimetidine
Ciprofloxacin
Co-trimoxazole
Erythomycin + clarithromycin
Ketoconazole and other imidazole anitfungals
Grapefruit juice 

Are all what???

Answer 23

Enzyme inhibiting agents

Question 24

Warfarin
Carbamazepine
Ciclosporin
Phenytoin
Theophylline
Low-dose oral contraceptives 

All what?

Answer 24

Commonly interact - can affect epilepsy, anticoagulation and contraception

Question 25

What are erythema multiforme caused by

Answer 25

Virus, bacteria, adverse drug reactions

Question 26

What is caramazepines associated with

Answer 26

Potentially life threatening skin conditions:

Stevens-Johnson syndrome