Diabetic Drugs

Question 1

Name the insulin sensitiser classes

Answer 1

Biguanides
Thiazolidinediones

Question 2

Name the insulin release inducer classes

Answer 2

Sulfonylureas
Meglitidines

Question 3

Name the glucose-induced insulin release inducer classes

Answer 3

GLP-1 analogs
DPP-4 antagonists

Question 4

Name the classes that decrease glucose absorption

Answer 4

SGLT2 inhibitors
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 5

Name a hormone mimicking drug

Answer 5

Amylin analogs

Question 6

Name the only biguanide

Answer 6

Metformin

Question 7

What are the three classes that cause weight loss

Answer 7

Biguanides
GLP-4 analogs

Question 8

Major adverse effects of sulfonylureas

Answer 8

Weight gain
Hypoglycemia
Hyperinsulinaemia

Question 9

Which drug class is short acting and therefore given prior to meals

Answer 9

Meglitidines

Question 10

Side effect of meglitidines

Answer 10

Weight gain

Question 11

Thiazolidinediones side effects

Answer 11

Weight gain
Edema
Risk of hepatotoxicity

Question 12

Mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibiting drugs

Answer 12

•Located in the intestinal brush border, α-glucosidase enzymes
break down carbohydrates into glucose and other simple sugars
that can be absorbed
• Acarbose and miglitol
•Reversibly inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes

Question 13

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors side effects

Answer 13

Diarrhoea
Abdominal cramping
Flatulence

Question 14

Which antidiabetic is a hormone

Answer 14

Synthetic amylin analog

Question 15

How do synthetic amylin analogs work

Answer 15

•Amylin is a hormone that is co-secreted with insulin from β
cells following food intake.
•Actions:
•It delays gastric emptying ↓
•Decreases postprandial glucagon secretion ↓
•Improves satiety↑
• Pramlintide
•Is a synthetic amylin analog that is indicated as an adjunct
to mealtime insulin therapy in patients with type 1 and
type 2 diabetes.
• Pramlintide is administered by S/C injection immediately
prior to meals.

Question 16

How do incretin mimetics work?

Answer 16

•Oral glucose results in “incretin effect”-gut releases incretin hormones in
response to a meal:
• Glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1)
• Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
•Incretin hormones are responsible for 60% to 70% of postprandial insulin
secretion

Question 17

What drugs are incretin mimetics

Answer 17

GLP-1 receptor agonists
DPP-4 inhibitors

Question 18

What are the adverse effects of GLP-1 agonists

Answer 18

The main adverse effects:
•Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation
• Pancreatitis – needs immediate discontinuation
•Liraglutid

Question 19

How do DPP-4 inhibitors work?

Answer 19

They inactivate an enzyme that breaks down GLP-1

Question 20

Side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors

Answer 20

Vulvovaginal candidiasis
UTIs

Question 21

Drugs to avoid in renal failure

Answer 21

Metformin - lactic acidosis

Question 22

Drugs to avoid in advanced heart failure

Answer 22

Thiazolidinediones - fluid retention
Metformin - lactic acidosis

Question 23

Which drug causes pancreatitis?

Answer 23

Incretin mimetics

Question 24

Which drug improves insulin secretion over several weeks?

Answer 24

Thiazolidinediones

Question 25

Which drugs cause increased transcription of adipokines

Answer 25

Thiazolidinediones

Question 26

Treatment of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia state?

Answer 26

Lots of saline
IV insulin
Potassium

Question 27

Treatment of DKA

Answer 27

Lots of saline
Insulin
Dextrose
Potassium