Diabetic Drugs Flashcards
Name the insulin sensitiser classes
Biguanides
Thiazolidinediones
Name the insulin release inducer classes
Sulfonylureas
Meglitidines
Name the glucose-induced insulin release inducer classes
GLP-1 analogs
DPP-4 antagonists
Name the classes that decrease glucose absorption
SGLT2 inhibitors
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Name a hormone mimicking drug
Amylin analogs
Name the only biguanide
Metformin
What are the three classes that cause weight loss
Biguanides
GLP-4 analogs
Major adverse effects of sulfonylureas
Weight gain
Hypoglycemia
Hyperinsulinaemia
Which drug class is short acting and therefore given prior to meals
Meglitidines
Side effect of meglitidines
Weight gain
Thiazolidinediones side effects
Weight gain
Edema
Risk of hepatotoxicity
Mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibiting drugs
•Located in the intestinal brush border, α-glucosidase enzymes
break down carbohydrates into glucose and other simple sugars
that can be absorbed
• Acarbose and miglitol
•Reversibly inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors side effects
Diarrhoea
Abdominal cramping
Flatulence
Which antidiabetic is a hormone
Synthetic amylin analog
How do synthetic amylin analogs work
•Amylin is a hormone that is co-secreted with insulin from β
cells following food intake.
•Actions:
•It delays gastric emptying ↓
•Decreases postprandial glucagon secretion ↓
•Improves satiety↑
• Pramlintide
•Is a synthetic amylin analog that is indicated as an adjunct
to mealtime insulin therapy in patients with type 1 and
type 2 diabetes.
• Pramlintide is administered by S/C injection immediately
prior to meals.
How do incretin mimetics work?
•Oral glucose results in “incretin effect”-gut releases incretin hormones in
response to a meal:
• Glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1)
• Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
•Incretin hormones are responsible for 60% to 70% of postprandial insulin
secretion
What drugs are incretin mimetics
GLP-1 receptor agonists
DPP-4 inhibitors
What are the adverse effects of GLP-1 agonists
The main adverse effects:
•Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation
• Pancreatitis – needs immediate discontinuation
•Liraglutid
How do DPP-4 inhibitors work?
They inactivate an enzyme that breaks down GLP-1
Side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
UTIs
Drugs to avoid in renal failure
Metformin - lactic acidosis
Drugs to avoid in advanced heart failure
Thiazolidinediones - fluid retention
Metformin - lactic acidosis
Which drug causes pancreatitis?
Incretin mimetics
Which drug improves insulin secretion over several weeks?
Thiazolidinediones
Which drugs cause increased transcription of adipokines
Thiazolidinediones
Treatment of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia state?
Lots of saline
IV insulin
Potassium
Treatment of DKA
Lots of saline
Insulin
Dextrose
Potassium
