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Pharma Tbilisi > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Abx classes affecting folic acid synthesis and reduction

A

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

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2
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting DNA integrity via free radicals

A

Metronidazole

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3
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting mRNA synthesis via RNA polymerase?

A

Rifampin

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4
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting DNA gyrase?

A

Fluoroquinolones

Quinolones

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5
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting membrane integrity?

A

Daptomycin

Polymixins

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6
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting cell wall synthesis?

A

Glycopeptides

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7
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting protein synthesis via 50S subunit?

A

Macrolides

Streptogramins

Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Linezolid

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8
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting protein synthesis via the 30S subunit

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Glycylcyclines

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9
Q

Antibiotic classes affecting peptidoglycan cross-linking?

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems

Monobactams

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10
Q

What are the beta lactams?

A

Penicillins

Carbapenems

Cephalosporins

Monobactams

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11
Q

Penicillins administration?

A

Penicillin G IV and IM

Penicillin V oral

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12
Q

Mechanisms of penicillins?

A

Structural analog of D-Ala-D-Ala so it binds to its enzyme in its place, preventing cross linking. Its enzyme is penicillin binding protein (PBP)

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13
Q

AEs of penicillins?

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

Hemolytic anaemia

Drug induced interstitial nephritis

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14
Q

Which penicillins are resistant to penicillinase?

A

Dicloxacillin

Nafcillin

Oxacillin

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15
Q

What is penicillinase and how can an antibiotic be resistant to it?

A

It is a type of beta lactamase

Resistance via a bulky R group

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16
Q

What is the anti pseudomonal penicillin?

A

Piperacillin

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17
Q

Mechanism of cephalosporins?

A

Same as penicillins but less susceptible to penicillinases

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18
Q

Names of cephalosporins?

A

Names start with cef or ceph

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19
Q

Name the beta lactamases?

A

Clavulanic acid

Avibactam

Sulbactam

Tazobactam

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20
Q

Names of carbapenems?

A

End in penem

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21
Q

How are carbapenems administered?

A

Always given with cilastatin to reduce renal clearance

22
Q

Mechanism of carbapenems

A

Same as penicillin but beta lactamase resistant

23
Q

Mechanism of atreonam?

A

Same as penicillins

24
Q

Vancomycin mechanism?

A

Same as penicillins

25
Q

Name the aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

Neomycin

Amikacin

Tobramycin

Streptomycin

GNATS

26
Q

Mechanism of aminoglycosides?

A

Block the 30S subunit

27
Q

Name tetracyclines

A

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

Minocycline

28
Q

Mechanism of tetracyclines?

A

Binds to 30S subunit and prevents attachment of tRNA

29
Q

Issues with tetracyclines?

A

Poorly absorbed if given with milk or antacids or iron containing preparations

30
Q

What is Tigecycline?

A

A tetracycline derivative

31
Q

Use of Tigecycline

A

Broad spectrum and good for antibiotic resistant pathogens

32
Q

Mechanism of chloramphenicol?

A

Blocks peptidyltransferase in 50S subunit

33
Q

Mechanism of Clindamycin?

A

Blocks peptide transfer at 50S subunit

34
Q

AE of clindamycin?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis due to C. difficile overgrowth

35
Q

Linezolid mechanism?

A

Binds 50S subunit and prevents initiation complex forming

36
Q

Macrolides names

A

Azithromycin

Clarithromycin

Erythromycin

Ending in thromycin

37
Q

Name polymixins?

A

Colistin (polymixin E)

Polymixin B

38
Q

Mechanism of polymyxins

A

Cation polypeptide bind to phospholipids on cell membrane and disrupt cell membrane integrity

39
Q

Sulfonamides names?

A

Start with sulfo or sulpho

40
Q

Mechanism of sulfonamides

A

Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase thus inhibiting folate synthesis

41
Q

Damsons mechanism?

A

Similar to sulphonamides

42
Q

Trimethoprim mechanism?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

43
Q

Fluoroquinolones names?

A

End in floxacin

44
Q

Fluoroquinolones mechanism?

A

Inhibit topoisomerase II AKA DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

45
Q

Daptomycin mechanism?

A

Lipopeptide that disrupts cell membranes

46
Q

Metronidazole mechanism?

A

Forms toxic free radicals that damage the bacterial cell

47
Q

Chlamydia drug of choice

A

Erythromycin

48
Q

Aminoglycosides side effects?

A

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Neuromuscular blockade

49
Q

Antidote for aminoglycoside side effects?

A

calcium gluconate

and

neostigmine

50
Q

Name neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

Oseltamivir (tamiflu)

Zanamivir

51
Q

How do neuraminidase inhibitors work?

A

Prevents cleaving and release of new virions

52
Q

Acyclovir use?

A

Herpes virus

Pharma Tbilisi (12 decks)

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