Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drug Action > Diabetic Disorder > Flashcards

Diabetic Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetes mellitus (generally) is a ________ disorder

A

Metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characterized by this term for high blood glucose levels

A

Hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mellitus is Latin for _______

A

Honey/sweet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diabetes insipidus is a _________ disease

A

Polyuric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus both cause frequent _____ and ______

A

Thirst, urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Four major types of diabetes

A

Type 1
Type 2
Gestational
Diabetes due to other factors (genetic, medications, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of insulin producing ______ cells in the _______

A

Beta, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin ______, where the body does not produce appropriate amounts of insulin

A

Resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two hormones are most important in glucose homeostasis?

A

Insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Regulated range of blood glucose concentration is about __-__ mg/dl

A

70-120 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Insulin causes uptake of ______ by muscle and liver to form ______

A

Glucose, glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Insulin causes uptake of ______ in adipose tissue to form _______

A

Glucose, fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Insulin secretion is regulated by ________ feedback mechanism

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ is activated by exercise and decreases glucose production, decreases lipid synthesis and decreases protein synthesis in the liver

A

AMPK (adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_______ is cosecreted with insulin and slows gastric emptying, enhancing glucose absorption

A

Amylin (glucagon-like peptide-1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This receptor is a key intracellular mediator in energy storage

A

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y (PPARy)

17
Q

Activation of PPARy (inc/dec) serum free fatty acid levels and (inc/dec) lipogenesis in adipose tissue

A

Decreases, increases

18
Q

PPARy is the target for what class of diabetes drugs?

A

Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

19
Q

True or false: Glucose is freely absorbed from intestines and by cells that utilize it for energy

A

False. It requires glucose transporters

20
Q

Sodium glucose cotransporters are located in all areas EXCEPT:
Brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, heart and proximal convoluted tube

A

Kidneys

21
Q

Selective sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT-2) inhibitors (inc/dec) blood glucose levels, (inc/dec) HbA1c levels, (inc/dec) body weight

A

Decrease, decrease, decrease

22
Q

What is the most abundant facilitative glucose transporter (GLUTS)?

A

GLUT4 transporter

23
Q

GLUT4 transporters are expressed where?

A

Adipose tissue
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Heart muscle

24
Q

Insulin is comprised of how many amino acids?

A

51 AA

25
Q

What are the three stages of insulin in its synthesis?

A

Preproinsulin, proinsulin, insulin

26
Q

True or false: Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin at rest that is stored in secretory vesicles at the plasma membrane

A

True

27
Q

True or false: Basal insulin rate decreases upon beta cell exposure to glucose

A

False

28
Q

True or false: Open K+/ATP channel hyperpolarizes the cell causing a release of insulin

A

False. Depolarization of the cell causes the release of insulin

29
Q

Insulin receptors are present in very high levels at which three areas?

A

Liver, muscle, adipose tissue

30
Q

In skeletal muclse and adipose tissue, insulin stimulates translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. This facilitates the transport of ______ into the cell

A

Glucose

31
Q

Insulin as a(n) anabolic or catabolic hormone?

A

Anabolic

32
Q

Glucagon is a(n) anabolic or catabolic hormone?

A

Catabolic

33
Q

Glucagon is comprised of how many amino acids?

A

29 AA

34
Q

Glucagon is secreted from pancreatic _______ cells

A

Alpha

35
Q

Glucagon binds to ______ on target cells

A

GPCR

36
Q

Microvasculature complications due to diabetes include

A

Blindness (retina), end-stage renal disease (renal glomerulus) and neuropathy (peripheral nerves)

37
Q

Macrovascular complications due to diabetes include

A

atherosclerosis, MI, stroke and limb amputations

Drug Action (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions