Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine Exam 1 > Diabetes: Treatment and Monitoring > Flashcards

Diabetes: Treatment and Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

What are the insulin choices that are most common in veterinary medicine?

A
  • Vetsulin
  • ProZinc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the insulin choices available? (the ones he wants us to know)

A
  • Vetsulin
  • ProZinc
  • Humulin/NPH
  • Levemir/Detemir
  • Lantus/Glargine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the power of something to influence or make an impression

A

Potency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which is the insulin that you should never use?

A

NPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Between solution and suspension, which is more readily accessible ?

A

Solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dogs are _______

A

hogs (porcine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cats are ________

A

Cattle (bovine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

U40 insulin has 40 units of insulin in every 1 ml and the U100 has 100 units. Therefore when converting from a U40 syringe to a U100 syringe you are required to multiply your U40 units by:

A

2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Human recombinant
    ▫U-100 formulation
  • Dogs
    ▫If you have to…
    ▫0.25 U/kg B-TID
  • Cats
    ▫If you are in dire
    straits… (bad decision)
    ▫1 unit per cat B-TID
  • Very Affordable
A

NPH/Humulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Porcine lente insulin
    ▫U-40 formulation
  • DOGS
    ▫0.25 U/kg
    ▫BID, Rarely SID
  • Cats
    ▫1 unit per cat (it’s like the lowest dose)
    ▫BID-TID
  • Shake vigorously
A

Vetsulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Human recombinant
    protamine-zinc insulin
    ▫U-40 formulation
  • Dogs
    ▫0.25 U/kg
    – - Higher starting dose?
    ▫BID
    ▫Unpredictable nadir
  • CATS
    ▫1 unit per cat
    ▫BID, Possibly SID
    ▫Licensed for cats!
    ▫(sometimes) Subclinical hypoglycemia
A

ProZinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range

A

Hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Human recombinant
    insulin
    ▫U-100 formulation
  • Dogs
    ▫0.25 U/kg
    ▫BID
    ▫Inter-dog variability
    ▫Comparable clinical
    response
  • CATS
    ▫1 unit per cat
    ▫BID, Possibly SID
    ▫Peakless? improve Remission rates
A

Glargine/Lantus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Human recombinant
    insulin analog
    ▫U-100 formulation
  • DOGS
    ▫0.1 U/kg (Different dosing, more concentrated)
    ▫BID, Rarely SID
    ▫Best option?
  • Cats
    ▫0.25 unit/kg
    ▫BID, Possibly SID
    ▫Subclinical
    hypoglycemia
A

Detemir/Levemir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the ideal insulin choices for a cat?

A

ProZinc, Lantus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the ideal insulin choices for a dog?

A

Vetsulin (0.25 U/kg), Levemir (0.1 U/kg)

17
Q

What is the most important thing in a “diet therapy - dog”?

A

CONSISTENCY

18
Q

Diet Therapy - Dog
4 Factors

A
  1. Diet Composition
    ▫Increased fiber
    ▫>45% CHO, <30% protein
    and fat
  2. Stable Diet
  3. Calorie Intake and Obesity
  4. Feeding Schedule
    ▫Consistent calorie content
    ▫Consistent timing of meals
    ▫BID Feeding
19
Q

Central theme in feline
diabetic diets is carbohydrate
restriction:

A

▫Inhibiting starch digestion
▫Inhibiting intestinal
glucose absorption (fiber)
▫Decreasing carbohydrate
content of the diet

20
Q

It is important to always start with a ________ dose, BID

A

low

21
Q

Recheck should be?

A

▫2-3 months to achieve control
- Recheck every 2-3 weeks during this period

22
Q

Dose will only move curve ________

A

up or down

23
Q

The goals of therapy:

A

▫resolve the clinical signs of diabetes
▫prevent any consequences of diabetes
▫avoid hypoglycemia

24
Q

a normal level of sugar in the blood

A

Euglycemia

25
Q

____________ is not a treatment goal

A

Euglycemia

26
Q
  • May appear weak, ataxic, disoriented, etc.
  • Difficult to detect in cats
  • Can progress to seizures
  • Offer food, rub karo syrup on gums
A

Hypoglycemia

27
Q

_____________ does not always resolve
or improve with treatment of diabetes

A

Neuropathy

28
Q
  • Non-enzymatic glycation of serum proteins
  • Reflect glycemic control over past 2-3 weeks
  • Not affected by stress and food intake
  • Affected by half-life of serum proteins (hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, PLE, etc…)
A

Monitoring - Fructosamine

29
Q

is a compound that is formed when glucose combines with protein. This test measures the total amount of fructosamine (glycated protein) in the blood. Glucose molecules will permanently combine with proteins in the blood in a process called glycation

A

Fructosamine

30
Q
  • If you do it, do it right!
  • Measure q 2hr for at least as long as the
    insulin should last (12-24h?)
  • To determine the nadir: Identify at least 2 points
    on the upswing
  • If you do it, interpret carefully!
A

Monitoring – BG Curves

31
Q

the lowest point

A

nadir

32
Q

Interpretation of BG curves:
Always correlate results with____________ and
______________

A

clinical signs, fructosamine

33
Q
  • Never change insulin dose
    based on dipstick results alone
  • Glycosuria is normal in a
    treated diabetic animal
  • Lack of glucosuria in the urine
    – dose decrease?
  • Mild ketonuria can be normal in
    non-sick animal
A

Monitoring – Urine Dipsticks

34
Q

▫Blood glucose curves
▫Spot BG
▫Urine dipsticks

A

Troubleshooting

35
Q

–- CBC/Chem/UA
–- Fructosamine

A

Initial Visit
▫Diagnostics

36
Q

occurs when the concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low

A

Hyponatremia

Endocrine Exam 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions