Diabetes PPT 5 Flashcards
What is the black box warning of metformin?
Potential for lactic acidosis
What is a contraindication in metformin?
Adults older than 80 years old unless normal CrCl
What labs with metformin should be checked annually?
LFTs and Creatinine
Adverse effects of metformin?
GI
D/C until 48 hours after contrast
Check renal function
Decreased B12
What are the two drugs in the Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor class?
Acarbose and Miglitol
How are Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor drugs dosed?
3x a day. Low adherence and increased cost
Which drugs are known as insulin sensitizers?
TZDs, they do not cause hypoglycemia
How long does it take to see benefits in TZDs?
6-12 weeks
What are the two TZD drugs?
Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone
Which drugs can also lower triglycerides?
TZDs
What drug class do TZDs interact with?
CYP450
What drugs class increases the risk of fractures?
TZDs in women
What are the serious AD of TZDs?
Edema
HF
Hepatotoxicity
Decreased bone mineral densities
What are then common AD of TZDs?
fluid retention, edema, myalgia, weight gain, dilution anemia, sinusitis
What are the SGLT-2 inhibitor drugs?
Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagflozin
What are SGLT-2 inhibitor recommended for?
T2DM and those with high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
What are advantages of SGLT-2 inhibitors?
Weight loss
Reduce BP
Effective as monotherapy
Effectiveness independent of severity insulin resistance and bets cell failure
Low risk for hypoglycemia
What are the Adverse reactions of the SGLT-2 inhibitors?
Increase K+
Increased genetial candidiasis
Renal insufficiency when eGRF 30-50 mL or less
UTI
Hypovolemia
