Diabetes Pharm

Question 1

Name the four types of Insulin Preparations

Answer 1

Rapid-acting
Short-acting
Intermediate-acting
Long-acting

Question 2

Name two types of Short-acting insulin preps

Answer 2

S.C. (Soluble crystalline zinc formulation. Starts in 30 min and peaks at 2-3 hours.

I.V. Prep

Question 3

Describe the presented Intermediate-acting insulin

Answer 3

NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn, or Isophane) Insulin

Onset in 2 hours and lasts 4-12 hours.

Unpredictable action….Not used clinically as much

Question 4

Human Insulin Analogs (Rapid-acting)

Answer 4

Insulin LisPro
Insulin AspArt
Insulin Glulisine

Onset in 5-15 minutes. Peaks at 1 hour.

Question 5

Basal Insulin Analogues (Long-Acting)

Answer 5

Glargine has a “peakless” action

Detemir has the most reproducible effect of the intermediate and long acting insulins.

Degludec is ULTRA long acting

Question 6

Insulin delivery options

Answer 6

Injections

Pump

Inhaled

Question 7

Metformin

Answer 7

Targets the Liver, Decreasing hepatic glucose output and lower fasting blood glucose levels.

Question 8

Insulin Seceratogues

Answer 8

Targets the Pancreatic B Cells. Potentiating insulin secretion

Newer ones are the meglitinides

Question 9

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)

Answer 9

Targets Adipose, muscle and liver insuling insulin sensitivity.

Question 10

Alpha glycosides inhibitor

Answer 10

Target intestinal alpha glucosidases, reducing glucose absorption

Question 11

GLP-1 based therapies

Answer 11

Receptor agonists- Potentiates insulin secretion, suppressed glucagon secretions, and impairs gastric motility.

DPP-4 Inhibitor- increases Incretins GLP-1 and GIP.

Question 12

Amylin Agonists

Answer 12

Slow gastric Emptying, inhibit glucagon production

Question 13

Kidney SGLT2

Answer 13

REducing glucose re-absorption by the kidney

Question 14

Bile Acid binding Resins

Answer 14

Colesevelam

Question 15

Bromocriptine (CYCLOSET)

Answer 15

Dopamine receptor agonist