Diabetes Part 2 Flashcards
biguanides
metformin (Glucophage®)
first line agent for tx of T2DM
MOA of metformin
inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis
increases insulin receptor sensitivity
side effects of metformin
lactic acidosis, GI side effects, take with food
MOA of sulfonylureas
stimulate beta cells to release insulin
side effects of sulfonylureas
hypoglycemia, weight gain, GI upset
what do all sulfonylureas start with
gly or gli
MOA of meglitinides
stimulate beta cells to release insulin
side effects of meglitinides
hypoglycemia, weight gain, take 15 mins prior to meal
what do all meglitinides end in
glinide
MOA of thiazolidinediones
increase insulin sensitivity, decrease hepatic gluconeogensis
side effects of thiazolidinediones
edema, weight gain, hepatotoxicity, bone fractures, monitor LFTs
what do all thiazolidinediones end in
glitazone
MOA of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
delays digestion of carbs
side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
bloating, flatulence, take with first bite of each meal, do not take with Beano®
MOA of SGLT2 inhibitors
inhibit sodium-glucose cotransporter, excrete glucose in urine
side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors
UTI, yeast infection, dehydration, hypotension, hyperkalemia
what do all SGLT2 inhibitors end in
aglifozin
MOA of DPP-IV inhibitors
inhibit breakdown in incretin hormones
side effects of DPP-IV inhibitors
nasopharyngitis, rash, pancreatitis, arthralgia
what do all DPP-IV inhibitors end in
agliptin
MOA of GLP-1 agonists
increase insulin secretion, delay stomach emptying and glucagon secretion
side effects of GLP-1 agonists
N/V/D, hypoglycemia, weight loss, pancreatitis
what do all GLP-1 agonists end in
tide
normal post-prandial level
<200 mg/dL
normal HbA1C
<6%
level of HbA1C to diagnose diabetes
6.5%
