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Metabolic Endocrinology > Diabetes & Obesity > Flashcards

Diabetes & Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

GLUT2 function

A

B cell glucose sensor, transport out of intestinal and renal epithelial cells

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2
Q

GLUT2 location

A

B cells of islets, liver, epithelial cells of small intestine, kidneys

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3
Q

GLUT3 function

A

Basal glucose uptake

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4
Q

GLUT3 location

A

Brain, placenta, kidneys, other organs

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5
Q

GLUT4 function

A

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake

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6
Q

GLUT4 location

A

Skeletal and cardiac muscles, adipose tissue, other tissues

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7
Q

How does insulin promote glucose uptake in the liver

A

Stimulates glucokinase and thus promotes phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate

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8
Q

Alpha MSH and NPY are…

A

Arcuate neurons

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9
Q

Alpha MSH stimulate…

A

Anorexia and catabolism

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10
Q

NPY neurons stimulate…

A

Orexia and anabolism

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11
Q

What is type I diabetes

A

Insufficient production of insulin

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12
Q

What is type II diabetes

A

Insulin resistance

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13
Q

What are two forms of insulin resistance

A

Pre-receptor and receptor

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14
Q

What is pre-receptor insulin resistance

A

When there are antibodies against insulin or there is mutant insulin

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15
Q

What is receptor insulin resistance

A

Reduced INSR expression, reduced affinity for insulin, impaired TYK activity, INSR antibodies

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16
Q

What causes excessive urination and thirst in a person with diabetes

A

The body is trying to dilute the glucose

17
Q

Metformin and thiazolidinediones increase…

A

Insulin sensitivity

18
Q

Metformin and thiazolidinediones decrease…

A

Glucose output by the liver

19
Q

Sulfonylureas and meglitindies promote…

A

Insulin secretion from the pancreas

Metabolic Endocrinology (6 decks)

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