Diabetes Module 6

Question 0

Most cells generate energy by metabolizing this carbohydrate

Answer 0

Glucose

Question 1

This is the major source of energy

Answer 1

Glucose metabolism

Question 2

Maintaining normal glucose levels is called

Answer 2

Glucose homeostasis

Question 3

Losing glucose homeostasis can lead to

Answer 3

Either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia

Question 4

After consuming food glucose enters the blood from where?

Answer 4

The gastrointestinal track

Question 5

This refers to the level of glucose eight or more hours after a meal

Answer 5

Fasting glucose

Question 6

This refers to the level 1 to 2 hours after the start of a meal

Answer 6

Postprandial glucose

Question 7

The pancreas plays a major role in glucose homeostasis via:

Answer 7

It’s secretion of insulin and glucagon from cell clusters called the islets of longerHans

Question 8

The islets of LangerHans contain what to major cell types

Answer 8

Alpha and Beta

Question 9

This type of cell is found in the pancreas and secretes glucagon

Answer 9

Alpha cell

Question 10

This type of cell is found in the pancreas and produces insulin

Answer 10

Beta cell

Question 11

What do the cells of the brain, kidney and liver have on their surface that facilitates the uptake of glucose?

Answer 11

GLUT 1&2

Question 12

80% of sales increase their uptake of Glucose in response to

Answer 12

Insulin

Question 13

In the presence of excess glucose insulin stimulates the formation of what?

Answer 13

Glycogen (storage form of glucose) in the liver and skeletal muscles

Question 14

The process of the formation of glycogen is called:

Answer 14

Glycogenisis

Question 15

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose (as indigestion or as an mobilization of glycogen from the liver after a fast)

Answer 15

Glycogenolysis

Question 16

The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as proteins and the glycerol portion of fats

Answer 16

Gluconeogenesis

Question 17

Liver glycogenolysis rapidly provides first line of glucose reserves directly to

Answer 17

The blood

Question 18

Gluconeogenesis provides additional source of

Answer 18

Glucose during prolonged fasting

Question 19

The failure of cells to respond to insulin is called

Answer 19

Insulin resistance

Question 20

What do muscle cells lack that is necessary to release glucose directly into the blood?

Answer 20

An enzyme

Question 21

Glucagon contributes to elevation of

Answer 21

Blood glucose

Question 22

Insulin contributes to the lowering of

Answer 22

Blood glucose

Question 23

Gluconeogenesis contributes to elevation of

Answer 23

Blood glucose

Question 24

Glycogen is this contributes to the lowering of

Answer 24

Blood glucose

Question 25

Insulin resistance contributes to the elevation of

Answer 25

Blood glucose

Question 26

Glycogenolysis contributes to the elevation of

Answer 26

Blood glucose

Question 27

Impaired beta cell function contributes to the elevation of

Answer 27

Blood glucose

Question 28

Activate include GLUT4 proteins at the cell surface contribute to the lowering of

Answer 28

Blood glucose

Question 29

How many gallons of blood to the kidneys filter daily?

Answer 29

50 gallons

Question 30

Kidneys contribute to homeostasis by:

Answer 30

Re-absorbent back into the bloodstream all glucose filtered through them

Question 31

Normal kidney reabsorption has a limit of 180 mg/dL to 200 milligrams per deciliter: when glucose in filtrate exceeds the limit…

Answer 31

The kidney excretes the excess into the urine

Question 32

In patients with diabetes sometimes the threshold increases to 260 mg/dL to 350 mg/dL and this causes

Answer 32

An exacerbation in the severity of hyperglycemia

Question 33

The small intestine produces two incretin hormones which are

Answer 33

Glucagon like peptide one or GLP one & glucose dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide or GIP

Question 34

Glp1 and GIP are inactivated by

Answer 34

dipeptidyl peptidase four

Question 35

In this type of patient there is a deficiency in

Answer 35

GLP one and a resistance to action of GIP

Question 36

A triglyceride is

Answer 36

A compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acid in molecule of glycerol , it is a fat synthesized from carbohydrates for storage in adipose cells, once hydrolyzed by enzymes it releases free fatty acids into the blood

Question 37

Very low density lipoprotein or VLDL is

Answer 37

A class of lipoprotein that transports triglycerides from the liver and intestines to adipose and muscle tissues

Question 38

Triglyceride packaged and exported in:

Answer 38

Very low density lipoprotein or VLDL and stored as fat

Question 39

A sudden drop in blood glucose activates

Answer 39

Sympathetic nervous system which stimulates epinephrine release by the adrenal Medela

Question 40

The effects of epinephrine are essentially the same as that of

Answer 40

Glucagon

Question 41

In paired insulin secretion in the pancreas

Answer 41

Persistent decline in insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas leads to hyperglycemia

Question 42

Insulin resistance in the muscle

Answer 42

Leads to impaired glucose uptake and postprandial hyperglycemia

Question 43

Insulin resistance in the liver

Answer 43

Lease to inappropriate production of glucose via gluconeogenesis

Question 44

The presence of abnormally high insulin in the blood

Answer 44

Hyperinsulinemia

Question 45

A condition in which a person’s blood glucose level is 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL two hours after an oral glucose load

Answer 45

Impaired glucose tolerance or IGT

Question 46

A condition in which a person’s fasting blood glucose level is 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL

Answer 46

Impaired fasting glucose or IFG

Question 47

What percent of individuals with prediabetes develop overt type two diabetes?

Answer 47

Approximately 25%