Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Flashcards
What is diabetes type 1
Hyperglycaemia due to complete insulin deficiency
Pathophysiology of T1DM
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells so there is complete insulin deficiency
Epidemiology of T1DM
T1DM makes up 5-10% of all patients with diabetes
More common in Europeans and less common in Asians
Highest incidence in children aged 10-14
Presenting symptoms of diabetes
Hyperglycaemia
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Weight loss
Nocturia
Risk factors for T1DM
Genetic predisposition. Family Hx
In children is diabetes type 1 diagnosed on a clinical basis
No. You measure glucose levels (random plasma, fasting plasma glucose, 2 hour plasma glucose and HbA1c)
When is random blood glucose categorised as T1DM
Above 11.1 mmol/L
When is fasting plasma glucose categorised as T1DM
Above 7.0 mmol/L
What is oral glucose tolerance test
Starve. Give 75g oral glucose and measure plasma glucose after 2 hours
When is OGTT categorised as T1DM
11.1 mmol/L
HbA1c diabetic range
> 6.5% or >48mmol/mol
What may urine or plasma ketones be like in T1DM
Higher than usual
What are C-peptide levels like in type 1 diabetics
Low
First line treatment for T1DM in children or non pregnant people
Basal bonus insulin
Second line- fixed dose insulin (adults only). If problems with compliance
Treatment in pregnant women for T1DM
Basal bolus insulin or metformin Plus low dose aspirin
