Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

0
Q

What is the short acting insulin?

A

Regular

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1
Q

What are the rapid acting insulins?

A

Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

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2
Q

What are the intermediate acting insulins?

A

NPH, Lente

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3
Q

What are the long acting insulins?

A

Ultralente, Glargine, Detemir, Lantus

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4
Q

Which patient are more prone to developing hypoglycemia with insulin use?

A

Advanced renal disease, elderly, age <7 yrs old

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5
Q

What is the pathophysiology of DM Type 1?

A

Autoimmune pancreatic beta cell destruction

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6
Q

What is the primary pathophysiology of DM Type 2?

A

Increasing insulin resistance and diminishing insulin secretory capacity

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7
Q

What is the mode of action of insulin secretagogues?

A

Stimulate release of endogenous insulin by promoting closure of K-channels in the pancreatic B-cell membrane

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8
Q

T/F: Insulin secretagogues are effective in patients who lack functional pancreatic B-cells.

A

False

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9
Q

What is the class of Chlorpropamide?

A

Insulin secretagogue, 1st generation sulfonylurea

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10
Q

What is the class of Glipizide?

A

Insulin secretagogue, 2nd generation sulfonylurea

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11
Q

Can you give Glipizide to patients with hepatic impairment and/or renal insufficiency?

A

No. It is contraindicated.

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12
Q

Which of the following has the least hypoglycemic side effect?
A. Chlorpropomide
B. Glipizide
C. Repaglinide

A

Repaglinide

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13
Q

What insulin secretagogue can you give to patient with sulfa allergy?

A

Repaglinide

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14
Q

What insulin secretagogue can you give to a patient with CKD that has low hypoglycemic effect?

A

Nateglinide

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Biguanides?

A

Activates AMP-stimulated protein kinase leading to inhibition of hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis

16
Q

What is the first line drug for DM type 2 and also the DOC?

A

Metformin

17
Q

What are the contraindications of Metformin?

A

Renal disease, alcoholism, hepatic disease

18
Q

MOA of Thiazolidinediones

A

Pregulates gene expression by binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma nuclear receptor

19
Q

Drug of choice for obese patients with insulin resistance and diminishing insulin secretory capacity

A

Metformin

20
Q

Patient taking thiazolidinedione presents with dyslipidemia. What is the expected laboratory finding?

A

⬇️HDL, ⬆️LDL & TG

21
Q

What are the contraindications of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Pregnancy, congestive heart failure, and chronic liver disease

22
Q

Patient presents with flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. What is the responsible anti diabetic drug?

A

Acarbose - an alpha glucosidase inhibitor

23
Q

A DPP-4 inhibitor that can be administered orally as monotherapy

A

Sitagliptin

24
Q

Diabetic patient presents with nasopharyngitis with unrecalled antidiabetic drug. What is the antidiabetic drug responsible for upper respiratory tract infections?

A

Sitagliptin

25
Q

Antiobesity drug which is withdrawn from the market due to suicidal and depression side effects

A

Rimonabant