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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

0
Q

Coverage of Pen V

A

Streptococcal, pneumococcal, meningococcal, and syphilis

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1
Q

MOA of beta lactam antibiotics

A

Inhibits transpeptidation reaction that cross-links the linear peptidoglycan chain constituent of the cell wall

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2
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillins?

A

Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin

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3
Q

First generation cephalosporins

A 
Cephalexin
Cephapirin
Cephradine
Cephalothin
Cefazolin
Cefadroxil
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4
Q

Second generation cephalosporins

A

Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime
Cefotetan
Cefaclor

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5
Q

Cefoperazone is a __________ generation cephalosporin

A

3rd

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6
Q

Example of 4th generation cephalosporin

A

Cefipime

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7
Q

Coverage of Cefipime

A

Gram positive and gram negative

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8
Q

T/F: Cefipime is resistant to beta lactamase

A

True

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9
Q

Antipseudomonal cephalosporins

A

Ceftazidime
Cefepime
Cefoperazone

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10
Q

Drug class of imipenem, ertapenem, and meropenem

A

Carbapanem

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11
Q

Drug class of aztreonam

A

Monobactam

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12
Q

Used for infections resistant to beta-lactamases produced by gram negative rods, including Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Serratia

A

Aztreonam

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13
Q

What is the possible side effect if Vancomycin was given too fast via IV?

A

Red man syndrome

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14
Q

Drug class of Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide

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15
Q

MOA of Vancomycin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala D-Ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan

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16
Q

Drug class of Chloramphenicol

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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17
Q

Causes grey baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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18
Q

Idiosyncratic effect of Chloramphenicol

A

Aplastic anemia

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19
Q

Premature baby had history of unrecalled antibiotic intake, presents with ashen gray skin, cyanosis and cardiovascular collapse, lab findings revealed decreased RBC. Diagnosis?

A

Gray baby syndrome due to chloramphenicol intake

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20
Q

DOC for cholera

A

Tetracycline

21
Q

MOA of Tetracycline

A

Inhibits 30s ribosomal subunit

22
Q

Drug class of erythromycin

A

Macrolide

23
Q

MOA of erythromycin

A

Inhibits 50s ribosomal subunit

24
Q

All macrolides are CYP450 inhibitor except:

A

Azithromycin

25
Q

Drug class pf clindamycin

A

Lincosamide

26
Q

MOA of clindamycin

A

Inhibits 50s ribosomal subunit

27
Q

Most common cause of pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin due to C. Difficile overgrowth

28
Q

Has coverage for anaerobic infections ABOVE the diaphragm

A

Clindamycin

29
Q

Has coverage for anaerobic infections BELOW the diaphragm

A

Metronidazole

30
Q

Defined as asn increase inproportion of bacteria killed at a more rapid rate as the plasma level is increased above the MIC

A

Concentration-dependent killing action

31
Q

Defined as the efficacy is independent of concentratiin once the MIC has been reached

A

Time-dependent killing action

32
Q

Post antibiotic effect

A

The killing action continues when the drug plasma levels have declined below measurable levels

33
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

Bind to 30s ribosomal subunit and interfere with protein synthesis

34
Q

T/F: Aminoglycosides need O2 for transport

A

True. Thus, it does not work in anaerobic conditions

35
Q

Common side effects of aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Teratogen

36
Q

Treatment for visceral leishmaniasis

A

Paromomycin

37
Q

Aminoglycoside with the narrowest therapeutic window

A

Amikacin

38
Q

Treatment for neuromuscular blockade due to aminoglycoside intake

A

Calcium gluconate and Neostigmine

39
Q

Most toxic aminoglycoside

A

Kanamycin and Amikacin

40
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients and drug resistant gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

41
Q

Most vestibulotoxic aminoglycoside

A

Tobramycin and Gentamicin

42
Q

Most nephrotixic

A

Tobramycin and Gentamicin

43
Q

____________ enhances toxicity of fluoroquinolones

A

Methylxanthines (theophylline)

44
Q

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

A

Isoniazid

45
Q

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

A

Rifampicin

46
Q

Inhibits arabinosyl transferases involved in the synthesis of arabinogalactan in mycobacterial cell wall

A

Ethambutol

47
Q

Hepatotoxic anti TB drugs

A

Pyrazinamide > Rifampin > Isoniazid

48
Q

Ototoxic anti TB drug

A

Streptomycin

49
Q

MOA of Dapsone

A

Inhibits folic acid synthesis

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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