Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
Lack in DM
Insulin
What is the function of Insulin?
Transport glucose into the cell
What do you call the ⬆️sugar in the blood?
Hyperglycemia
How many months does the sugar stick to the RBC?
3 - 4 months or
90 - 120 days
Lab test to check the sugar in the blood for 3 month?
HgbA1c
Glycosylated Hgb
What causes Polydipsia in DM?
Cellular DHN
The pt complains of food cravings, why does the DM pt complains of food cravings? - Polyphagia
Cellular Starvation
What causes Polyuria?
⬆️blood flow to the kidney
What produce insulin?
Alpha or Beta cells?
Beta cells
What produce Glucagon?
Alpha or Beta Cells
Alpha cells
Weight Loss is common in what type of DM?
Type 1
What type of DM is insulin dependent?
Type 1
What type of DM is due to lifestyle?
Type 2
What type of DM is Juvenile DM?
Type 1
Mgt of DM that is only injectable?
Type 1 or Type 2
Type 1
Mgt of DM that is injectable + OHA
Type 1 or Type 2
Type 2
Whose pt you will give insulin?
DM 1
DM 2
Pregnan woman
What are the 3P’s in DM?
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Polyuria
+ weight loss
What do you call the ⬆️sugar in the blood?
Hyperglycemia
Life span or RBC?
90 - 120 days
Lab test that measures bld sugar for the last 3 - 4 mos
HgbA1c
> 7% - (+) DM
What is the causes of Diabetic Coma?
Because of the Formation of Ketones.
Why?
Because Glucose isn’t utilized by the cell
Diabetic Coma happens if your sugar is what?
High or low?
High
Because the body uses Fats and Proteins as the food of cell because the glucose(CHO) in the blood vessels cannot enter the cells due to lack of Insulin
What is the complication pf HONKKS (HNKKS)
Seizure or
Convulsion
Type of insulin:
Rapid Acting Insulin
Regular
Intermediate
LUng acting
Regular
Type of Insulin
Clear
Regular
Intermediate
LUng Acting
Regular
Type of Insulin
NPH
Regular
Intermediate
LUng Acting
Intermediate
Type of insulin
Lispro
Regular
Intermediate
LUng Acting
Regular
Type of insulin
Humilin - N
Regular
Intermediate
LUng Acting
Intermediate
Type of insulin
Ultra Lente
Regular
Intermediate
LUng Acting
LUng Acting
Type of insulin
Lantose
Regular
Intermediate
Lung Acting
LUng Acting
-no onset and peak.
Only Duration =24hrs
Why it is not allowed to shake the insulin bottle?
Bubbles decreases the potency
Normal distance between the 2 sites of insulin injections?
Maintain at least 1 inch distance
What type of insulin has no onset and peak; only duration
Lantose
Storage of insulin
Refrigerator
Normal Room temperature
Type of insulin
Humilin - R
Regular
Intermediate
LUng Acting
Regular
What complication results from increase Growth Hormone in the morning?
Dawn Phenomenon
Normal - Hyper - Hyper
Hyper - hypo - hyper Blood sugar
Dawn Phenomenon or Somogyi Effect
Somogyi Effect
Rebound Hyperglycemia
Other complications of DM with signs of Hypoglycemia?
Diabetic Coma
Diabetic Phenomenon
Diabetic Phenomenon
Other complications of DM
Madaling araw, tumaas sugar
Somogyi Effect or
Dawn Phenomenon
Dawn Phenomenon
Signs of Hyperglycemia that is complication of DKA
Diabetic Phenomenon or
Diabetic Coma
Diabetes Coma
Other complications of DM with Pre - Breakfast Hyperglycemia
Dawn Phenomenon or
Somogyi Effect
Dawn Phenomenon
What do you call a blood sugar or <60?
Mild hypoglycemia
Normal 80 - 120
70 - 110
What do you call a blood sugar or <20?
Severe hypoglycemia
Mgt for UNCONSCIOUS Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Phenomenon
D50W IV Bolus
Mgt for CONSCIOUS hypoglycemia pt; how many hard candies?
6 lifesavers/ hard candies
Mgt for Diabetic Phenomenon, CONSCIOUS pt
Take extra sugar
- 6 lifesavers/ hard candies
- 4 tsp sugar
- 4 sugar cubes
- 1 tbsp honey / syrup
- 1 Glass milk / Orange Juice
- 1 can soft drinks
- 3 Graham Crackers
- 4 Saltine Crackers
Diabetic Phenomenon mgt if symptoms resolve
Give 2 slices white bread
Diabetic Phenomenon Mgt after 1 hr
Give regular meal
Treatment for Dawn Phenomenon
Pre - breakfast
Normal - Hyper - Hyper
NPH at 10pm
Mgt for Somogyi Effect?
Offer bedtime snacks
Other complications of DM; with untimely Insulin Administration
Nakalimutan mo ang timely Insulin Administration; my nakalimutan ka or di mo nabigay sa tamang oras
Somogyi Effect
Other complications of DM that the problem is Growth Hormone
Dawn Phenomenon
Other complications of DM with low insulin dose; or early insulin administration or eating before bedtime
Somogyi Effect or
Insulin Waning
Insulin Waning
