Diabetes Medications Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action for Sulfonylureas?
Diabinese, Tolinase, Orinase
2nd Generation: glyburide, glipizide
Increases insulin production (beta-cell stimulator) and increases the sensitivity of receptor sites for interaction c insulin(endogenous insulin secretion)
What is the mechanism of action for meglitinides?
Repaglinide(prandin), and Nateglinide(starlix)
Stimulates release of insulin, it acts more rapidly than sulfonylureas in the presence of glucose.It is a short acting agent that is taken pre prandial to prevent pc glucose elevation
What are the second generation names of Sulfonylureas?
Glyburide, glipizide, and the long acting glimepiride
What are some special considerations for Glipizides? (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL)
Take 30 minutes before meal, and you may see some capsule in the stool. This is because the capsule is made of a non-absorbable shell.
What is the pt education for Sulfonylureas?
- Adm before meals
- Avoid ETOH
What are some generic names for Meglitinides?
repaglinide(Prandin), and Nateglinide(Starlix)
Which medication has is faster acting c a shorter half life? Sulfonylureas or Meglitinides?
Meglitinides stimulate the release of insulin and act more rapidly than Sulfonylureas c a shorter half life
What are some precautions for Meglitinides? like Repaglinide, and Nateglinide
Not recommended during pregnancy and use cautiously c impaired liver function
What is the pt education for Meglitinides? And side effects?
Adm 0-30 min pre prandial,
SE: hypoglycemia, and weight gain
What is the function of Biguanides? Metformin (glucophage)
Lowers basal and post meal glucose levels in pts c type 2 DM by reducing hepatic glucose production and reducing tissue sensitivity to insulin
What are some generic/trade names of Biguanide?
Metformin hydrochloride(Glucophage), and metformin extended release
What are some precautions for Biguanides? metformin (glucophage)
Big one is hold for 48hrs befor nd after administration of contrast material and surgical procedures requiring anesthesia
What are some contraindications for Biguanide?Metformin (glucophage)
Contraindicated in:
- impaired renal function
- impaired liver function
- > 80 years old
- Pregnancy
- Hypoxia
- CHF
- ETOH abuse
What is the pt education for Biguanides? Side effects? Metformin (glucophage)
Take c 2 largest meals to minimize GI distress
report s&s of fatigue, muscle pain, palpitations, dyspnea, dizziness
SE: diarrhea and nausea
What is the function of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? Acarbose (precose), and Miglitol (glyset)
Delays CHO absorption from the small intestine by inhibiting the SI enzyme alpha-glucsidase. Also impairs the breakdown of complex sugars in stomach (means lower post prandial glucose)