diabetes - GI renal metabolic assessment

Question 1

type 1 diabetes

Answer 1

In type 1 diabetes the pancreas stops making insulin.
Without insulin, the body’s cells cannot turn glucose (sugar), into energy.
Without insulin the body burns its own fats as a substitute.
Unless treated with daily injections of insulin, people with type 1 diabetes accumulate ketones in their blood from the burning of fat

Question 2

Ketoacidosis

Answer 2

is related to hyperglycaemia,
Serious condition- high blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes.
It develops gradually over hours or days. It is a sign of insufficient insulin

Question 3

type 2 diabetes,

Answer 3

the pancreas makes some insulin but it is not produced in the amount the body needs.
Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Question 4

BGL (blood glucose levels)

Answer 4

normal (4.0-8.0mmol/L)
Fasting BGL= 4.0-6.0mmol/L
non fasting : 4-8mmol/L
Hyperglycaemia=> 8mmol/L
Hypoglycaemia= < 4mmol/L
- lethargy
- restless
-sweaty
- slurred speech
- confusion
- tachycardic 
- dizzy
- thirsty
- tremor 
jelly beans and then sandwich

Question 5

factors influencing bgl

Answer 5

Food intake:
Exercise: 
Medications: 
Illness: 
Alcohol: 
Stress: 
Monitoring technique: Not washing hands
Pregnancy: 
Age: Children - more prone to erratic swings Adolescents - hormonal influences
Disease:

Question 6

monitoring type 1

Answer 6

Before Breakfast (Fasting)
Before Lunch
Before Dinner
At Bedtime
Additional if experiencing hypo’s, hyper’s or is unwell

Question 7

normal bladder

Answer 7

Empties 4 – 8 times per day.

Can hold up to 400 – 600 ml of urine – the sensation to empty occurs at 200-300 ml.

Question 8

types of urinary incontinence

Answer 8

Stress – the leaking of small amounts of urine associated with increasing pressure inside the abdomen – eg. Coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, or playing sport. Occurs mainly in women, and sometimes men after prostate surgery.
Urge – the sudden and strong need to urinate- often associated with frequency (a sign of a UTI) and nocturia. They tend to get little or no warning and wet themselves before they get to a toilet.
Overflow – when the bladder is over full and does not empty properly, & leakage occurs as a result.
Functional – when a person does not recognise the need to go to the toilet & does not recognise where the toilet is. They cannot get to the toilet in time and often pass urine in inappropriate places.
Reflex – when a person loses control of their bladder without warning – usually due to neurological impairment.