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Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin

A
  • Rapid: Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine
  • Short: Regular
  • Int: NPH
  • Long: Glargine, Detemir
  • Bind ITK receptor -> MAP/K
  • Tox: hypoglycemia, rare HSN, lipodystrophy, WG
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2
Q

Lispro

A

Rapid insulin

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3
Q

Aspart

A

Rapid insulin

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4
Q

Glulisine

A

Rapid insulin

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5
Q

Regular insulin

A

Short acting

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6
Q

NPH

A

Intermediate acting insulin

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7
Q

Glargine

A

Long-acting insulin

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8
Q

Detemir

A

Long-acting insulin

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9
Q

Metformin

A
  • Biguanide for DM2 -> Increases insulin sensitivity (liver: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, peripherally increases glucose uptake)
  • Tox: Renal tox, Lactic Acidosis (no WG)
  • C/I in RF, Liver disease, CHF, Alcoholism, Sepsis
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10
Q

Sulfonylureas

A
  • Shut off (close) K+ channel, triggering insulin release from beta cells
  • Need some beta cell function
  • 1st gen: Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide (disulfuram-rxn)
  • 2nd gen: Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide (hypoglyemia)
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11
Q

Tolbutamide

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

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12
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

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13
Q

Glyburide

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

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14
Q

Glimepiride

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

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15
Q

Glipizide

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

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16
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)

A
  • Increase PPAR-gamma activation via trascription regulator -> increase adiponectin release from adipose -> increase insulin sensitivity
  • Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
  • Tox: Hepatotox, Heart (MI, edema, especially Rosiglitazone), WG
17
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidenedione (Glitazone)

18
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Thiazolidenedione (Glitazone)

19
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A
  • Inhibit disaccharidase at surface of brush border intestinal cells
  • Acarbose, Miglitol
  • C/I in IBS, cirrhosis, high creatinine
20
Q

Acarbose

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

21
Q

Miglitol

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

22
Q

Pramlintide

A
  • Amylin analog (normally secreted with inuslin to decrease glucagon and delay gastric emptying)
  • DM1, DM2; only with insulin
  • Tox: hypoglycemia
23
Q

GLP-1 analogs

A
  • Increase insulin, decrease glucagon, delay gastric emptying
  • Exenatide, Liraglutide
  • Tox: pancreatitis
24
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP-1 analog

25
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 analog

26
Q

DPP4 inhibitors

A
  • Increase GLP-1, increasing insulin and decreasing glucagon
  • Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin
  • Tox: UTI, URI
27
Q

Linagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitor (increase GLP-1)

28
Q

Saxagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitor (increase GLP-1)

29
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitor (increase GLP-1)

Pharm (7 decks)

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