Diabetes

Question 1

What is type I diabetes

Answer 1

Your pancreas doesn’t produce insulin at all

Question 2

Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 2

Is like a key and lock
Imagine insulin is a key, lock as our tissue
the key now is defect cannot open the lock
similarly if the lock now is defected, then even know u have the key it still won’t open the door

Insulin is used to transport send glucose into ur body for energy
But body does not produce enough
Or there is production but it is defected

There are two problems here either the insulin defected or there is still insulin produced but tissue doesn’t response to action of insulin

Question 3

What happen if I don take diabetic medicine?

Answer 3

When you eat, now you either don’t have insulin or no insulin at all, the glucose is not being used to become energy
Cell is always hungry, makes you eat more
But glucose is not broken down to become energy source

At the same time u will be very thirsty because cell starvation

Question 4

Symptoms of DM

Answer 4

Polyuria
Unexplained weight lost
Polydipsia
Polyphagia

Question 5

Complication of type I DM

Answer 5

Earlier we mention ur body don’t use glucose as energy
Where does your energy come from?
Your body will take energy from your fat
So u have weight loss
However when fatty acids being broken down too fast, it produce acid and turn your body ph into acidosis

If left untreated DKA can lead to death because all the electrolytes are now imbalance

You will urinate very often and electrolytes are imbalance
Electrolytes responsible for heart

Question 6

Complication of type II DM

Answer 6

As ur body don’t produce enough insulin, ur cell don’t get energy. Cell is hungry.
So ur body receive this signal and make more glucose from hormone glucagon
This becomes vicious cycle, ur body make more and more glucose accumulated in your body

Your vessel now is filled with so much glucose very concentrated, it will draw water out from other spaces and pass out in your urine. Electrolytes also being pass out with water. Dehydration occur.

1. Electrolyte that is responsible for ur heart contraction is affected therefore ur heart is affected
2. We pass out those solute via kidney, ur kidney works harder Long term, it damage our kidney-diabetic neprophathy
   3.poor wound healing- too much sugar produce inflammatory molecules has this effect of interfering with collagen synthesis,a product helps in would healing.
   Blood vessel is now narrowed and thicken, the blood flows that carry nutrients and oxygen is slowed down

Question 7

How to take anti diabetic medicine?

Answer 7

To control DM from developing into complication
Take medicine with meal

Glipizide —>30mins before meal because of its action to stimulate production of insulin

Metformin with meal to reduce GI discomfort

Question 8

Education in insulin

Answer 8

To take food 15 mins after insulin is jabbed
Because the start of the action is at 30 mins
So when u take food in, the insulin start to act against the glucose and help in uptake of glucose into ur tissue.

Question 9

Follow up

Answer 9

We want to see if the medication or insulin is effective,ur result that’s why we need to monitor ur sugar

Question 10

How does glipizide help?

Answer 10

Stimulate pancreas to produce more insulin

Question 11

How does metformin help?

Answer 11

Decrease production of glucose in the liver

Improve insulin receptor sensitivity

Question 12

How does sitagliptin help?

Answer 12

It blocks the enzyme incretin in destroying insulin. Thus promoting more insulin available in the body

Question 13

How does insulin help?

Answer 13

Stimulate glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells and fat