Diabetes

Question 1

what is diabetes?

Answer 1

a chronic, metabolic disease characterised by elevated blood glucose levels

Question 2

over time what can diabetes lead to ?

Answer 2

damage to the…

• heart
• blood vessels
• eyes
• kidneys
• nerves

Question 3

approximately 347 million people have diabetes worldwide, 90% of theses have type 2. What is contributing to this rising epidemic?

Answer 3

rapid increases in overweight people, including obesity and a lack of physical activity

Question 4

What is Type one diabetes?

Answer 4

Destruction of beta cells so body cant produce insulin and lower blood glucose level, person then has hyperglycaemia. Is an autoimmune disease, person has a genetic predisposition to the disease, disease is triggered by some sort of environmental influence eg: virus or toxin? Produces antibodies and t cells which attack beta cells.

Question 5

what is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 5

insulin resistance. Beta cells are functioning properly but insulin cant have proper effect on the cells of the body.

Question 6

what is the common presentation of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 6

Incontinence
Weight loss
Tired
Thirst
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Ketosis
Abrupt onset of symptoms
Polyphagia
Hyperglycaemia
Nausea
Vomiting
Blurry vision
More common in young

Question 7

what is the common presentation of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 7

• Often no signs or symptoms or very hard to detect
• Detected during preventative/ Routine screening
• Hyperglycaemia
• Reoccurring infections

Question 8

what are the risk factors of type one diabetes?

Answer 8

Genetic susceptibility
Autoimmunity
Environmental (exposure to viruses and triggers in diet)

Question 9

what are the risk factors of type 2 diabetes

Answer 9

Age
Previous history of gestational diabetes
Race
Genetics – family history
Central obesity
hypertension

Question 10

How can both type 1 and 2 diabetes progress?

Answer 10

• stroke
• hypertension
• atherosclerosis
• nephropathy
• retinopathy
• neuropathy
  -CAD
• infections
  glaucoma

Question 11

what are five interventions you could have when nursing someone with diabetes?

Answer 11

• education on the condition itself
• physical activity
• monitoring
• diet
• medication

Question 12

what would you do for the intervention of education around the condition?

Answer 12

Explain how the pancreas relates to their condition. Describe how insulin is made and what effects its production or its ability to act on cells. Discuss the relationship between insulin and glucose

Question 13

what would you do for the intervention of physical activity?

Answer 13

Discuss the effect of regular exercise on the management of blood glucose, cardiovascular health and hauora. Discuss how exercise can lower blood glucose levels and may require dietary or medication adjustments accordingly

Question 14

what would you do for the intervention of monitoring?

Answer 14

Teach and asses for correct self-blood glucose monitoring. Encourage eye exams, routine urine and blood labs. Teach how to inspect feet at home

Question 15

what would you do for the intervention of diet?

Answer 15

Explain the impact of carbs and alcohol on blood glucose levels. Engage a dietician to help create and individualised meal plan . explain the importance of watching cholesterol levels

Question 16

what would you do for the intervention of medication?

Answer 16

Explain the actions of the meds. Assess the clients ability to self medicate. Discuss the med side effects. Discuss hypoglycaemia self rescue plans and disaster supply planning