Coronary heart disease Flashcards
what is coronary heart disease?
it is the narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart
pathophysiology of coronary heart disease?
caused by atherosclerosis which is a plaque build up on the arterial walls, this causes them to become narrow, causing blood flow to the heart to become slow or stopped
what are some symptoms of coronary heart disease?
- chest pain
- shortness of breath
- weakness and fatigue
risk factors of coronary heart disease?
- genes
- diabetes
- high BP
- abnormal cholesterol levels
- metabolic syndrome
- chronic kidney disease
- alcohol abuse
- low exercise
what are some tests that can diagnose coronary heart disease?
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Exercise stress test
- Echocardiogram
- Nuclear scan
what are some ways that can help prevent coronary heart disease?
- avoid or reduce stress
- dont smoke
- eat well
- exercise regularly
- keep cholesterol levels under control
- moderate amounts of alcohol
what is angina?
Angina is a type of chest discomfort caused by poor blood flow through the blood vessels
what are some medications that can prevent heart disease from getting worse or prevent further heart attacks?
- aspirin (blood thinner)
- statins (lower cholesterol levels)
- beta-blockers (slows HR)
- ACE inhibitors (lower BP)
what are the 2 different surgical methods that can open arteries for blood flow?
- angioplasty
- coronary artery bypass graft
what is the approximate normal cardiac output
5 litres per minute
according to ACC/AHA what are the stages of Heart failure
a; high risk of HF
b; structural heart disease but dont have signs or symptoms
c; prior or current symptoms of HF associated with known cause
d; patients with refractory HF - they have severe symptoms despite maximal medical therapy
According to NYHA what is the functional classification of Heart disease
class 1 ; no limitation
class 2; slight limitation. no symptoms at rest. with activity = fatigue, dyspnoea, palpitation and angina pain
class 3; marked limitation of physical activity but usually comfortable at rest. will experience increased symptoms with less than ordinary physical activity
class 4; inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort, symptoms of cardiac insufficiency or angina may be present at rest
what is stable angina
happens only with exertion and is predictable
what is unstable angina
happens at rest and is unpredictable
how long can your myocardial cells go without oxygen before they die
20 minutes
